Personal pronouns
Singular |
Nominative |
ego |
I |
Accusative |
me |
me |
Genitive |
mei |
of me |
Dative |
mihi |
to me |
Ablative |
me |
(from) me |
Plural |
Nominative |
nos |
we |
Accusative |
nos |
us |
Genitive |
nostri or nostrum |
of us |
Dative |
nobis |
to us |
Ablative |
nobis |
from us |
Possessive pronouns
These possessive pronouns decline like adjectives.
They indicate possession (to whom something belongs).
Latin |
Means in English |
meus, mea, meum |
my |
tuus, tua, tuum |
your, yours (one person) |
noster, nostra, nostrum |
our, ours |
vester, vestra, vestrum |
your, yours (two or more people) |
Strictly speaking, a personal pronoun for the third person does not exist. Other pronouns are used instead: for example, suus, sua, suum.
Pronouns agree with whatever is owned in
For example anima, -e (f.) – soul
In Latin, a soul is feminine, whether it belongs to a man or a woman.
In ‘my soul’, ‘soul’ is nominative, feminine, singular and so is ‘my’: anima mea
pater noster |
our father |
nominative, masculine, singular |
testamentum suum |
his/her will |
nominative, neuter, singular |
Only meus and noster have a vocative case. The vocative masculine singular of meus is irregular.
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
meus |
mea |
meum |
Vocative |
mi |
mea |
meum |
Accusative |
meum |
meam |
meum |
Genitive |
mei |
mee |
mei |
Dative |
meo |
mee |
meo |
Ablative |
meo |
mea |
meo |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
mei |
mee |
mea |
mei |
mee |
mea |
meos |
meas |
mea |
meorum |
mearum |
meorum |
meis |
meis |
meis |
meis |
meis |
meis |
tuus, tua, tuum – your, yours (one person) |
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
tuus |
tua |
tuum |
Accusative |
tuum |
tuam |
tuum |
Genitive |
tui |
tue |
tui |
Dative |
tuo |
tue |
tuo |
Ablative |
tuo |
tua |
tuo |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
tui |
tue |
tua |
tuos |
tuas |
tua |
tuorum |
tuarum |
tuorum |
tuis |
tuis |
tuis |
tuis |
tuis |
tuis |
noster, nostra, nostrum – our, ours |
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
noster |
nostra |
nostrum |
Vocative |
noster |
nostra |
nostrum |
Accusative |
nostrum |
nostram |
nostrum |
Genitive |
nostri |
nostre |
nostri |
Dative |
nostro |
nostre |
nostro |
Ablative |
nostro |
nostra |
nostro |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
nostri |
nostre |
nostra |
nostri |
nostre |
nostra |
nostros |
nostras |
nostra |
nostrorum |
nostrarum |
nostrorum |
nostris |
nostris |
nostris |
nostris |
nostris |
nostris |
vester, vestra, vestrum – your, yours (two or more people) |
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
vester |
vestra |
vestrum |
Accusative |
vestrum |
vestram |
vestrum |
Genitive |
vestri |
vestre |
vestri |
Dative |
vestro |
vestre |
vestro |
Ablative |
vestro |
vestra |
vestro |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
vestri |
vestre |
vestra |
vestros |
vestras |
vestra |
vestrorum |
vestrarum |
vestrorum |
vestris |
vestris |
vestris |
vestris |
vestris |
vestris |
Although not strictly a personal pronoun, suus, sua, suum has been included in this section, for ease of reference.
suus, sua, suum – his, her, its, their (own) |
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
suus |
sua |
suum |
Accusative |
suum |
suam |
suum |
Genitive |
sui |
sue |
sui |
Dative |
suo |
sue |
suo |
Ablative |
suo |
sua |
suo |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
sui |
sue |
sua |
suos |
suas |
sua |
suorum |
suarum |
suorum |
suis |
suis |
suis |
suis |
suis |
suis |
Demonstrative pronouns
hic, hec, hoc
Has two meanings
- ‘This’ when its an adjective – describing a noun
- ‘He, she, it’ when its a pronoun – standing in for a noun
When used to mean ‘this’, the noun it relates to is nearby.
hic, hec, hoc agrees with the noun it relates to.
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Means when Adjective |
Means when Pronoun |
Nominative |
hic |
hec |
hoc |
this |
he, she, it |
Accusative |
hunc |
hanc |
hoc |
this |
him, her, it |
Genitive |
huius |
huius |
huius |
of this |
his, her, its |
Dative |
huic |
huic |
huic |
to this |
to him/her/it |
Ablative |
hoc |
hac |
hoc |
by this |
by him/her/it |
Plural |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Means when Adjective |
Means when Pronoun |
Nominative |
hi |
he |
hec |
these |
they |
Accusative |
hos |
has |
hec |
these |
them |
Genitive |
horum |
harum |
horum |
of these |
their |
Dative |
his or hiis |
his or hiis |
his or hiis |
to these |
to them |
Ablative |
his or hiis |
his or hiis |
his or hiis |
by these |
by them |
Another demonstrative pronoun used to indicate possession is is, ea, id.
It has only been used in this tutorial in the genitive, when it means ‘his, her, its’.
is , ea, id – his, her, its, their, that |
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
is |
ea |
id |
Accusative |
eum |
eam |
id |
Genitive |
eius |
eius |
eius |
Dative |
ei |
ei |
ei |
Ablative |
eo |
ea |
eo |
Plural |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
ii |
eae |
ea |
eos |
eas |
ea |
eorum |
earum |
eorum |
eis, iis |
eis, iis |
eis, iis |
eis, iis |
eis, iis |
eis, iis |
‘-dem’ can be added onto any declension of is, ea, id, to mean ‘the same’.
Relative pronouns
qui, que, quod
This means
- who , whom – when masculine or feminine
- which – when neuter
Singular |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Means |
Nominative |
qui |
que |
quod |
who/which |
Accusative |
quem |
quam |
quod |
whom/which |
Genitive |
cuius |
cuius |
cuius |
whose, of whom |
Dative |
cui |
cui |
cui |
to whom, to which |
Ablative |
quo |
qua |
quo |
by whom/which; in whom/which |
Plural |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Means |
Nominative |
qui |
que |
que |
who/which |
Accusative |
quos |
quas |
que |
whom/which |
Genitive |
quorum |
quarum |
quorum |
whose, of whom |
Dative |
quibus |
quibus |
quibus |
to whom, to which |
Ablative |
quibus |
quibus |
quibus |
by whom/which; in whom/which |
There is no vocative case for qui, que, quod.
To work out which form of qui, que or quod to use, take the
- number from the noun that it replaces
- gender from the noun that it replaces
- case from its relationship with the verb in its part of the sentence
Numbers
Latin |
English |
Latin |
English |
unus , –a, –um |
one |
primus , –a, –um |
first |
duo , due, duo |
two |
secundus |
second |
tres , tria |
three |
tertius |
third |
quattuor |
four |
quartus |
fourth |
quinque |
five |
quintus |
fifth |
sex |
six |
sextus |
sixth |
septem |
seven |
septimus |
seventh |
octo |
eight |
octavus |
eighth |
novem |
nine |
nonus |
nineth |
decem |
ten |
decimus |
tenth |
undecim |
eleven |
undecimus |
eleventh |
duodecim |
twelve |
duodecimus |
twelfth |
tredecim |
thirteen |
tertius decimus |
thirteenth |
quattuordecim |
fourteen |
quartus decimus |
fourteenth |
quindecim |
fifteen |
quintus decimus |
fifteenth |
sedecim |
sixteen |
sextus decimus |
sixteenth |
septemdecim |
seventeen |
septimus decimus |
seventeenth |
duodeviginti |
eighteen |
duodevicesimus |
eighteenth |
undeviginti |
nineteen |
undevicesimus |
nineteenth |
viginti |
twenty |
vicesimus |
twentieth |
viginti unus |
twenty one |
vicesimus primus |
twenty first |
viginti duo |
twenty two |
vicesimus secundus |
twenty second |
viginti tres |
twenty three |
vicesimus tertius |
twenty third |
viginti quattuor |
twenty four |
vicesimus quartus |
twenty fourth |
viginti quinque |
twenty five |
vicesimus quintus |
twenty fifth |
viginti sex |
twenty six |
vicesimus sextus |
twenty sixth |
viginti septem |
twenty seven |
vicesimus septimus |
twenty seventh |
viginti octo |
twenty eight |
vicesimus octavus |
twenty eighth |
viginti novem |
twenty nine |
vicesimus nonus |
twenty ninth |
triginta |
thirty |
tricesimus |
thirtieth |
quadraginta |
forty |
quadragesimus |
fortieth |
quinquaginta |
fifty |
quinquagesimus |
fiftieth |
sexaginta |
sixty |
sexagesimus |
sixtieth |
septuaginta |
seventy |
septuagesimus |
seventieth |
octoginta |
eighty |
octogesimus |
eightieth |
nonaginta |
ninety |
nonagesimus |
ninetieth |
centum |
one hundred |
centesimus |
one hundreth |
centum et unus |
one hundred and one |
centesimus primus |
one hundred and first |
ducenti , –ae, –a |
two hundred |
ducentesimus |
two hundredth |
trecenti |
three hundred |
trecentesimus |
three hundredth |
quadringenti |
four hundred |
quadringentesimus |
four hundredth |
quingenti |
five hundred |
quingentesimus |
five hundredth |
sescenti |
six hundred |
sescentesimus |
six hundredth |
septingenti |
seven hundred |
septingentesimus |
seven hundredth |
octingenti |
eight hundred |
octingentesimus |
eight hundredth |
nongenti |
nine hundred |
nongentesimus |
nine hundredth |
mille |
one thousand |
millesimus |
thousandth |
Numbers that decline
unus, -a, -um is declined here
Remember that all other numbers can only be plural.
|
|
duo |
two |
Case |
Masculine |
Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
duo |
due |
duo |
Accusative |
duo(s) |
duas |
duo |
Genitive |
duorum |
duarum |
duorum |
Dative |
duobus |
duabus |
duobus |
Ablative |
duobus |
duabus |
duobus |
|
|
tres |
three |
Case |
Masculine and Feminine |
Neuter |
Nominative |
tres |
tria |
Accusative |
tres |
tria |
Genitive |
trium |
trium |
Dative |
tribus |
tribus |
Ablative |
tribus |
tribus |
ducenti, -ae, -a two hundred declines like bonus, -a, -um.
Numbers used in dates
In dates, the ablative of first, second, third, etc. is used.
Generally, this means that the ‘-us’ ending becomes an ‘-o’.