Catalogue description Catalogue of the papers of FREDERICK ALEXANDER LINDEMANN, C.H., F.R.S. VISCOUNT CHERWELL OF OXFORD (1886 - 1957)

This record is held by Oxford University: Nuffield College Library

Details of CSAC 80.4.81
Reference: CSAC 80.4.81
Title: Catalogue of the papers of FREDERICK ALEXANDER LINDEMANN, C.H., F.R.S. VISCOUNT CHERWELL OF OXFORD (1886 - 1957)
Description:

SECTION A PERSONAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL A.1 - A.136

 

A.1 -A.90 Career, appointments and honours

 

A.91 -A.101 Family correspondence

 

A.102-A.119 Personal and domestic correspondence

 

A.120-A.130 Financial correspondence

 

A.131-A.136 Photographs, press-cuttings, miscellaneous

 

SECTION B OXFORD UNIVERSITY B.1 - B.166

 

B.1 -B.90 The Clarendon Laboratory

 

B.91 -B.98 Oxford science departments and institutes

 

B.99 -B.119 General correspondence on university affairs, 1929-57

 

B.120-B.123 Wadham College, 1919-56

 

B.124-B.132 Christ Church, 1921-57

 

B.133-B.138 Other Oxford colleges

 

B.139-B.146 Oxford University clubs and societies

 

B.147-B.166 Correspondence and papers on the Oxford roads problem, 1953-57

 

SECTION C SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, WRITINGS, CONFERENCES C.1 - C.89

 

SECTION D SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE D.1 - D.266

 

SECTION E PUBLICATIONS, LECTURES, SPEECHES E.1 - E.137

 

E.1 -E.21 Science

 

E.22 -E.60 Politics

 

E.61 -E.103 Education

 

E.104-E.137 Invitations and correspondence, 1919-57

 

SECTION F SECOND WORLD WAR F.1 - F.419

 

PREPARATIONS AND STATISTICAL SECTION, GENERAL PAPERS

 

F.1 -F.39 Pre-war papers on air defence, 1921-39

 

F.40 -F.87 Formation and organisation of the Prime Minister's Statistical Section ('S Branch')

 

F.88 -F.252 Minutes exchanged between Cherwell and Churchill, 1939-45

 

F.253-F.257 Cabinet Papers, 1940-45

 

F.258-F.394 Charts prepared by the Statistical Section

 

F.395-F.419 Miscellaneous minutes and correspondence, 1939-51

 

SECTION G SECOND WORLD WAR G.1 - G.550

 

STATISTICAL SECTION, MILITARY AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS

 

G.1 -G.100 British and German Air Force Strength

 

Includes some material re other aspects of air warfare

 

G.101-G.141 Anti-U-boat warfare

 

G.142-G.151 Other naval papers

 

G.152-G.443 Weapons, defensive devices, military organisation and strategy

 

G.444-G.499 Inventions and ideas

 

G.500-G.525 Armament requirements and production; strength and organisation of British and German ground forces

 

G.526-G.533 Organisation of scientific and technical research

 

G.534-G.550 Other military and scientific topics

 

SECTION H SECOND WORLD WAR H.1 - H.321

 

STATISTICAL SECTION, ECONOMIC TOPICS

 

H.1 -H.66 Food and raw materials

 

H.67-H.94 Allocation of manpower

 

H.95-H.100 Shipping

 

H.101-H.113 Distribution of resources

 

H.114-H.144 Foreign economic policy

 

H.145-H.157 Home economic policy

 

H.158-H.207 Lend- Lease

 

H.208-H.267 Post-war reconstruction

 

With a list of contents

 

H.268-H.289 Post-war treatment of Germany

 

H.290-H.321 World food supplies and relief

 

SECTION J POLITICS AND THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY J.1 - J.163

 

SECTION K PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CORRESPONDENCE K.1 - K.327

 

Sections A and K of the collection deal mainly with Cherwell's personal and social life. Of interest are his pilot's logbooks (A.11, A.12) documenting his tuition as a pilot at Netheravon in 1916. It is characteristic that there are, mysteriously, two of these and that they should give varying information. The first (A.11) records instruction starting on 9 September 1916 with a 'First Solo' on 16th and two other solo flights on 16th and 17th, followed by another 'First Solo' on 22nd. The other log (A.12) covers only eight days (20-28 September 1916) and also records a 'First Solo' on 22nd. This entry has been ringed by a previous researcher and seems to have been taken hitherto as the correct date of Cherwell's first solo flight. Section A also contains family correspondence showing Cherwell's close relations with his father, A.F. Lindemann, and his elder brother, C.L. Lindemann, and material relating to some of his own idiosyncrasies of diet and health, lordly modes of travel, and the considerable wealth which underpinned his independence of mind. There is also evidence of his generosity to his personal servants, to staff and colleagues (and their families) at the Clarendon Laboratory, and the many discreet, almost surreptitious, benefactions he dispensed. Section K confirms this by the numerous letters of thanks for Christmas, birthday, 'non-birthday' or wedding presents received not only from Cherwell's own friends but from their young families. It is greatly to be regretted that very few of Cherwell's own letters survive in this Section, presumably because they were handwritten and no carbon copies were kept.

 

Section B is primarily concerned with Cherwell at Oxford, as Head of the Clarendon Laboratory, Fellow of Wadham, resident at Christ Church and involved in various aspects and controversies of the University. It documents his struggles to obtain equipment, posts, funding and building for the laboratory, his initiative in identifying and encouraging Jewish scientists wishing or obliged to leave Germany when the Nazis came to power, and his consequent negotiations with the university, industrialists and politicians to provide research funds, space and equipment. The resulting excellence of the Clarendon Laboratory (notably in low temperature research) is well known. Cherwell also helped to make it possible for the young R.V. Jones to carry out there his early infrared research (see the correspondence in D.123 - D.125).

 

Cherwell's skill as a polemicist is shown in different fields and with different degrees of credit, in his rearguard action over premises in Keble Road, Oxford, originally leased for a research project, and in his contributions to the public controversy over the draconian proposal to solve Oxford's traffic problems by a road through Christ Church Meadow. Section J supplies further illustration of Cherwell's enjoyment of in-fighting in prewar Oxford Conservative politics.

 

As a counterbalance to this almost too well-known side of his character, Section B contains (B.126) a few drafts for speeches given in his later more mellow years at social gatherings at Christ Church. Here, on a relatively small stage and with congenial listeners, his wit - often recalled by friends but not otherwise recorded - is well displayed, steering a delicate course between raillery and mockery, choosing appropriate anecdotes and references and achieving with grace the difficult balance required by such intimate, semi-domestic occasions.

 

Sections C and D, together with parts of Section E, relate to Cherwell as a scientist. They show him in several lights. His début in research could hardly have been more auspicious, when he was chosen by Nernst in 1908 for the team in Berlin working on specific heat and low temperatures. He published collaborative papers with Nernst and became a lifelong friend of him and his family. To this time also belongs his affectionate, and similarly lifelong, friendship with Einstein; many of Cherwell's notes, lectures and articles are concerned with explaining and gaining acceptance of Einstein's theories among the general educated public. This period of 'pure' research was ended by the outbreak of war in 1914; later, Cherwell worked on aspects of meteorology and astronomy, sometimes in collaboration with his father, and his early brilliance in research was recognised by his election to the Chair of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford in 1919, and to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1920. Many of the surviving drafts and papers of these early years are in German.

 

Another aspect shows Cherwell as an ingenious inventor and patenter of contrivances and designs. Many of these arose from his work at Farnborough during the 1914-18 war, or from private research in the laboratory of the Lindemann family home at Sidmouth.

 

The scientific correspondence (Section D) reflects in its patchiness the ambiguous position Cherwell occupied in the eyes of some of his scientific colleagues. Some felt that he had ceased to do productive research after about 1924, others that he was damagingly preoccupied with rank, high society and political manoeuvring. His declared support for the Conservative party is also likely to have contributed to his isolation from a considerable proportion of the scientific community during the Thirties. There remain, however, interesting exchanges with W.F. Aston, G.I. Taylor, W.H. Nernst, J.L. Tuck and others; the material in D.53 - D.69, while concerned mainly with visits and lectures by Einstein, testifies to the mutual respect and affection between him and Cherwell.

 

Section E includes some additional scientific writings, of a more general and popular kind than those in Section C, but more importantly shows Cherwell as an embattled defender of the importance to the life of the community of science, scientific research, and the scientific habit of mind. He campaigned endlessly for more money and more respect for the scientist - in early years somewhat negatively by decrying what seemed the opposed values of a 'classical' education, and in later life more positively by pressing for the expansion of technological education through new universities or institutions. His last piece of work (E.100) was devoted to this subject. See also G.526 - G.533, H.236 - H.253 for Cherwell's wartime activities in this field.

 

It is, however, for his friendship with Churchill and its political consequences that Cherwell is most widely known. Begun in 1921, the friendship continued with no diminution of regard on either side, and despite staggering disparities of temperament and habit, until Cherwell's death. The episode of the aged Churchill's insistence on attending the funeral service and ceremony in 1957 has been referred to in the published biographies of Cherwell.

 

This friendship permeated much of Cherwell's life, and its documentation is in consequence diffused through many Sections of the collection. The correspondence in Section K shows the personal aspect of the relationship, Churchill's use of Cherwell as a source of information and advice, and Cherwell's acceptance by the whole Churchill clan as a warm family friend. The political relations between the two begin and end in Section J, firstly in the 1920s and 1930s, and later from 1945 to 1953 when Cherwell was an adviser to Churchill's Consultative Committee in opposition, or in office as Paymaster-General in his administrations. Between these comes the 1939 - 45 Second World War which is very fully documented in Sections F, G and H.

 

These three Sections are best considered as a unit. Apart from some preliminary material (F.1 - F.39) concerned with increasing anxiety during the interwar years about the problem of air defence in war, and the various solutions proposed (including papers on the 'Tizard Committee'), all three relate to the work of the Statistical Branch, later known as the Statistical Section. This was formed at Churchill's request to assemble and assimilate statistics and data and to present them to him in accessible, rapidly intelligible form, originally in his capacity as First Lord of the Admiralty and then as Prime Minister. A minute detailing the functions of the organisation is quoted in the Introduction to Section F and included at F.41.

 

Broadly speaking, Section F contains the material presented by the Statistical Section to Churchill in its final form - as a graph, chart or diagram, and/or a personal minute from Cherwell to Churchill, sometimes accompanied by a draft minute or recommendation to be sent by Churchill to the appropriate minister. These documents provide an interesting picture of the working relationship between Cherwell and Churchill throughout the period 1939 - 45.

 

The charts or minutes were the distillation of the wide-ranging activity of the Statistical Section and rested on background research through committee or departmental papers, official correspondence, information from scientific colleagues, etc. This background material, which provides fuller information than the summary minutes, occupies Sections G (scientific and military topics) and H (economic topics). The separate Introductions to all three Sections, and to many of their sub-sections, explain in more detail the nature and interest of the material, which enables the advice tendered by Cherwell and the Statistical Section - frequently the target of adverse criticism both at the time and subsequently - to be substantiated or placed in perspective by its contemporary research and thinking.

 

It is unfortunate that so few of Cherwell's own letters survive in any Section of the collection. Incoming letters in Section K make clear how successful he could be in society. He was often derided for collecting Duchesses, and may well have done so initially; but they for their part seem to have been reluctant to let him go.

 

CONSPECTUS OF FILE NUMBERS

 

As explained in the General Introduction, the Conspectus was compiled to assist readers and researchers who had already consulted and made reference to Cherwell's papers on the basis of the 1965-66 outline list.

 

The Conspectus relates the OFF. (= Official) numbers, which are listed in the left-hand column, to the present item-numbers, which are listed on the right. The presence of on item-number indicates that the folder of that number in the present catalogue includes one or more pieces which had originally been in the OFF. file. Every document in question can be identified by the former OFF. number in pencil at the head.

 

Exact duplicates have been discarded in order to ease pressure on library space. When, as frequently happened, multiple copies were taken with the result that a letter or document might feature in one or more OFF. (and sometimes also PERS.) files, all the relevant OFF, numbers appear on the remaining paper.

 

It will be seen that the contents of many of the OFF, files (e.g.OFF.21.1, 38.1) are now widely distributed; that is because they were often unmanageably large and (correctly) designated 'miscellaneous' or 'general correspondence'. Conversely, many of the present folders have been assembled from a variety of OFF. and PERS. files; examples of this are G.26, G.28 (on the size of the German Air Force), D.23, D.24 (correspondence with M. Born), D.194 (correspondence with A.P. Rowe), D.245, D.246 (correspondence with J.L. Tuck), K.40 (correspondence with Brabazan of Tara), K.186 (correspondence with I. Lubin). It is hoped that the smaller size and more rational arrangement of the present folders will make the material simpler to use.

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 I Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.88, F.95-F.97

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 II Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.89, F.98 - F.105, F.239, G.1, G.2

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 III Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.89, F.106 - F.117, F.241, G.364

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 IV Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.89, F.118 - F.124, G.357

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 V Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.90, F.125 - F.131

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 VI Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.90, F.132 - F.137, G.52, G.400

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 VII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.220, F.221, F.231

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 VIII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.222, F.223

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 IX Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.90, F.138 - F.145, G.511, H.72

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 X Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.90, F.146 - F.151

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XI Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.91, F.152 - F.155, H.97

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue Missing. See note at F.156

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XIII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.91, F.157 - F.162, H.12

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XIV Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.91, F. 163 - F.168, F.239, H.97

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XV Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.92, F.175 - F.182, H.98, H.215

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XVI Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.92, F.169 - F.174

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XVII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.92, F.183 - F.189

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XVIII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.93, F.190 - F.195, G.325

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XIX Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.93, F.196 - F.202

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XX Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.93, F.203 - F.205

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XXI Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.94, F.206 - F.210, H.18

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XXII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.94, F.211 - F.215

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 XXIII Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.94, F.216

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.217

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.218

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.229 - F.239, G.515, H.63, H.95, H.96, H.215, H.284

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.219

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.240

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.224

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.225

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.226

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.91, F.156

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.227

 

Number of OFF. file 1.1 (D) Pt.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.228

 

Number of OFF. file 1.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.230, F.231, F.239, G.538

 

Number of OFF. file 1.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.65, F.241, G.146

 

Number of OFF. file 3.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.232, F.235, F.241 - F.252, G.324, H.7, H.231, H.248

 

Number of OFF. file 5.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.235, F.236, F.238, F.239, F.410, G.542, H.94

 

Number of OFF. file 5.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.85, G.227, G.403, G.503, G.506, G.508, H.50, H.59, H.98, H.100

 

Number of OFF. file 5.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.237, G.513 - G.516

 

Number of OFF. file 5.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.367, G.513 - G.516, G.521, G.544, H.83, H.89, H.91, H.139

 

Number of OFF. file 5.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.162, G.362

 

Number of OFF. file 5.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.225

 

Number of OFF. file 5.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.165, G.166, G.364, G.366 - G.370, G.372

 

Number of OFF. file 5.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.165, G.166, G.268, G.270, G.357 - G.360, G.503

 

Number of OFF. file 5.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.70, F.71, F.237, G.156, G.363, G.503, G.504, G.506, G.509

 

Number of OFF. file 5.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.157

 

Number of OFF. file 5.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.518 - G.520

 

Number of OFF. file 5.12 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.233, G.227, H.7

 

Number of OFF. file 5.13 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.308

 

Number of OFF. file 6.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.324

 

Number of OFF. file 6.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.230

 

Number of OFF. file 6.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.12, G.60, G.61, G.63, G.66, G.68, G.69, G.71, G.73, G.75, G.77, G.142, G.145

 

Number of OFF. file 6.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.85, G.87

 

Number of OFF. file 6.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.78, G.540

 

Number of OFF. file 6.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.392

 

Number of OFF. file 6.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.154, G.179, G.181, G.182, G.188 - G.191, G.194 - G.197, G.199, G.203, G.209, G.351

 

Number of OFF. file 6.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.266, G.179, G.181, G.184, G.188, G.195, G.197 - G.199, G.202 - G.205, G.208, G.209

 

Number of OFF. file 6.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.89, G.113, G.149, G.178, G.182, G.187 - G.189, G.191, G.193, G.197, G.198, G.200 - G.203, G.521

 

Number of OFF. file 7.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.75, G.99, G.152, G.524

 

Number of OFF. file 7.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.144

 

Number of OFF. file 7.3 pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.1, G.2, G.4 - G.7, G.9, G.10, G.13, G.14, G.18, G.21, G.22, G.28, G.33, G.40, G.48, G.53, G.58 - G.60, G.62, G.63, G.65, G.67 - G.70, G.72, G.77, G.97, G.177, G.541

 

Number of OFF. file 7.3 pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.4, G.5, G.7, G.18, G.19, G.22, G.26, G.27, G.48, G.50, G.60, G.63, G.64, G.70 - G.72, G.77

 

Number of OFF. file 7.3 pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.26, G.28, G.34, G.36, G.38, G.43

 

Number of OFF. file 7.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.221

 

Number of OFF. file 7.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.142, G.143, G.145, G.374

 

Number of OFF. file 8.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.72, G.4, G.5, G.7 - G.14, G.20, G.22, G.23, G.26 - G.29, G.35, G.36, G.38 - G.46, G.52, G.54, G.55, G.57, H.82, H.84, H.95

 

Number of OFF. file 8.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.20, G.21, G.24 - G.26, G.28, G.33, G.35, G.38, G.40, G.41

 

Number of OFF. file 8.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.8, G.12, G.18 - G.20, G.27 - G.30, G.33, G.35, G.37, G.38, G.41, G.43, G.44, G.46, G.48, G.50, G.52, G.53, G.54, G.56

 

Number of OFF. file 8.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.30 - G.32, G.35, G.38

 

Number of OFF. file 8.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.3, G.6, G.8, G.10, G.19, G.27, G.29, G.33, G.48, G.50, G.56, G.92

 

Number of OFF. file 9.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.45, G.48, G.52, G.57, G.62, G.67, G.77, G.78

 

Number of OFF. file 9.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.62, G.70, G.71, G.77, H.80

 

Number of OFF. file 9.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.60, H.67, H.68, H.70 - H.73, H.93, H.94, H.97, H.103

 

Number of OFF. file 9.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.93

 

Number of OFF. file 10.1 pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.1 - G.10, G.12, G.13, G.15, G.27, G.28, G.33, G.47, G.49 - G.51, G.56, G.64, G.90, G.91, G.207

 

Number of OFF. file 10.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.2, G.8, G.10, G.12 - G.17, G.22, G.24, G.26 - G.28, G.30, G.33, G.35, G.43, G.45, G.46, G.50, G.92

 

Number of OFF. file 10.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.45, G.46, G.48 - G.52, G.56, G.60 - G.66, G.70, G.77

 

Number of OFF. file 10.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.2, G.4, G.6 - G.10, G.12 - G.14, G.22, G.27, G.35, G.43, G.46, G.58, G.61 - G.63, G.68, G.70, G.71, G.78, G.92, G.94, G.95, G.145

 

Number of OFF. file 11.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.38, D.4, D.131, D.229, D.242, F.72, F.410, F.417, G.80, G.91, G.98 - G.100, G.152, G.164, G.181, G.188, G.209, G.214, G.222, G.230, G.240, G.241, G.250, G.318, G.320, G.334, G.335, G.353, G.362, G.390, G.409, G.442, G.458, G.489, G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 11.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.132, D.193, D.243, F.70, F.72, F.231, F.241, F.408, G.43, G.45, G.56, G.57, G.65, G.81, G.93, G.98, G.99, G.153, G.186, G.188, G.219, G.222, G.223, G.236, G.321, G.322, G.341, G.355, G.397, G.442, G.467, G.475, G.481, G.497, H.160, K.40

 

Number of OFF. file 11.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.416, G.72, G.88, G.98, G.99, G.149, G.150, G.152, G.170, G.198, G.442, G.453, H.242

 

Number of OFF. file 11.1 Pt.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.108, D.229, D.256, F.72, F.412, G.7, G.67, G.76, G.98, G.99, G.191, G.217, G.240, G.425, G.491, H.249

 

Number of OFF. file 11.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.275, F.276, G.77

 

Number of OFF. file 12.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.155, G.157 - G.159

 

Number of OFF. file 12.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.403, F.404, G.502 - G.508, G.513, G.514, H.89

 

Number of OFF. file 12.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.357, G.504, G.505, G.509, G.512, G.513, H.96

 

Number of OFF. file 12.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.155 - G.159, G.442

 

Number of OFF. file 13.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.85, G.99, G.512 - G.516, G.521, G.524, G.544, H.87 - H.91, H.139

 

Number of OFF. file 13.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.510, G.512, G.515

 

Number of OFF. file 13.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.516, G.519, G.522 - G.525

 

Number of OFF. file 13.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.514 - G.517, H.113

 

Number of OFF. file 13.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.521

 

Number of OFF. file 13.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.286, F.291, G.225

 

Number of OFF. file 13A.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.232, G.324, G.514, G.519, H.7, H.77 - H.82, H.84, H.113

 

Number of OFF. file 13A.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.523, H.81, H.84, H.86 - H.90, H.231, H.305

 

Number of OFF. file 13A.1 pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.508, G.516, G.524, H.70, H.91, H.92

 

Number of OFF. file 13B.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.74, H.75

 

Number of OFF. file 13B.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.67, G.516, H.78 - H.82, H.87, H.89 - H.92, H.94

 

Number of OFF. file 13B.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.402, H.79, H.80, H.85, H.88 - H.90, H.94, H.174, H.228

 

Number of OFF. file 13B.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.41

 

Number of OFF. file 13B.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.76

 

Number of OFF. file 14.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.69, F.229, F.230, F.417, G.147, G.295, G.465, G.497, G.500 - G.502, G.510, G.538, H.39, H.41, H.69 - H.71, H.102

 

Number of OFF. file 14.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.500

 

Number of OFF. file 14.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.158, G.357, G.500, G.503 - G.506, G.510, G.511, H.160, H.161

 

Number of OFF. file 14.3 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.356 - G.358, G.366, G.509

 

Number of OFF. file 14.3 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.357 - G.360, G.508

 

Number of OFF. file 14.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.72, G.188, G.220, G.358, G.502 - G.504, G.507, G.509, G.513 - G.516, H.57, H.89, H.113

 

Number of OFF. file 14.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.72, G.503, G.504, G.507, G.513, G.514

 

Number of OFF. file 14.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.510, G.512, G.513, G.517, H.87

 

Number of OFF. file 15.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.59, G.60, G.162, G.164, G.351

 

Number of OFF. file 15.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.162, G.164

 

Number of OFF. file 15.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.156, G.165, G.227, G.308, G.358, G.503

 

Number of OFF. file 15.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.321, G.357 - G.359, G.506 - G.508, H.59

 

Number of OFF. file 15.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.162, G.371, G.505, G.518 - G.520

 

Number of OFF. file 15.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.506, G.515

 

Number of OFF. file 15.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.503, G.505, G.507, G.509

 

Number of OFF. file 15.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.227, G.508, H.7, H.50

 

Number of OFF. file 15.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.506, G.507, H.100

 

Number of OFF. file 15.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.522, H.85

 

Number of OFF. file 15.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.401 - F.406, G.358, G.537, G.542, G.543, H.18, H.38, H.139, H.143, H.174, J.52

 

Number of OFF. file 16.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.367 - G.372

 

Number of OFF. file 16.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.165, G.166, G.364 - G.367, G.371, G.372

 

Number of OFF. file 16.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.66, G.166, G.268, G.364, G.366 - G.373

 

Number of OFF. file 16.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.165, G.166, G.270

 

Number of OFF. file 17.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.12, F.15, F.18, F.34, F.36, F.418, G.21, G.160, G.177, G.181, G.183, G.192, G.317, G.334, G.376

 

Number of OFF. file 17.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.13, F.14

 

Number of OFF. file 17.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.101 - G.111

 

Number of OFF. file 17.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.218

 

Number of OFF. file 17.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.52, H.53, H.219

 

Number of OFF. file 17.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.208 - H.214

 

Number of OFF. file 17.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.174

 

Number of OFF. file 18.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.16, F.17, F.37, G.152

 

Number of OFF. file 18.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.181, G.188, G.321

 

Number of OFF. file 18.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.36, G.89, G.90, G.210 - G.212, G.214 - G.217, G.442, G.443/1

 

Number of OFF. file 18.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.251 - H.253

 

Number of OFF. file 18.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.216, H.217

 

Number of OFF. file 18.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.245

 

Number of OFF. file 19.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.8, H.9, H.11, H.12, H.14, H.16 - H.21

 

Number of OFF. file 19.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.72, H.8 - H.21, H.66

 

Number of OFF. file 19.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.11, H.12, H.15, H.16, H.18, H.19

 

Number of OFF. file 20.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.526, G.527

 

Number of OFF. file 20.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.103, D.105 - D.107

 

Number of OFF. file 20.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.79, G.85, G.442

 

Number of OFF. file 20.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.10, G.89 - G.95, G.266, G.267, K.204

 

Number of OFF. file 20.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.113

 

Number of OFF. file 21.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue A.38 - A.42, A.130, A.136, B.104, D.4, D.20, D.65, D.90, D.131, D.146, D.175, D.194, D.204, D.238, D.242, D.256, D.262, E.118, F.35, F.67 - F.72, F.399, F.408, F.410 - F.414, F.417 - F.419, G.38, G.161, G.188, G.209, G.442, G.445, G.452, G.462, G.464 - G.466, G.468, G.469, G.474, G.475, G.484, G.491, G.496 - G.498, G.500, G.503, G.504, G.509, H.9, H.27, H.28, H.30, H.39, H.41, H.61, H.72, H.96, H.100, H.110, H.121, J.52, K.6, K.22, K.40, K.96, K.98, K.99, K.107, K.119, K.139, K.217, K.223, K.224, K.259, K.264, K.265, K.269, K.273, K.280, K.282, K.303, K.308

 

Number of OFF. file 22.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.137, G.410 - G.416, G.418 - G.420, G.425, G.427, G.428, G.431, G.432, G.434, G.440, J.98

 

Number of OFF. file 22.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.422 - G.425, G.427, G.430, G.435

 

Number of OFF. file 22.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.411, G.412, G.418, G.421, G.423 - G.431

 

Number of OFF. file 22.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.412, G.413, G.418, G.426 - G.428, G.431 - G.437

 

Number of OFF. file 22.5 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.420, G.424, G.430, G.437

 

Number of OFF. file 22.5 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.346, G.423, G.424, G.430, G.433 - G.435

 

Number of OFF. file 22A.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.209, G.410, G.411, G.413, G.416, G.418 - G.421, G.423, G.427, G.428, G.430, G.431, G.434, G.435

 

Number of OFF. file 22A.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.437 - G.439

 

Number of OFF. file 23.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.153, G.154, G.197, H.35

 

Number of OFF. file 23.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.194, H.279 - H.282

 

Number of OFF. file 23.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.83, H.93

 

Number of OFF. file 23.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.100

 

Number of OFF. file 23.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.401, H.101 - H.103, H.145, H.150, H.152, J.50

 

Number of OFF. file 23.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.222

 

Number of OFF. file 23.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.26, H.27, H.31 - H.34

 

Number of OFF. file 23.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.31, H.33 - H.35, H.38

 

Number of OFF. file 23.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.35 - H.38

 

Number of OFF. file 23.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.26, H.27, H.29, H.33, H.36, H.38, H.66

 

Number of OFF. file 23.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.300

 

Number of OFF. file 23.12 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.229

 

Number of OFF. file 23.13 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.419, G.465, G.469, G.497, G.518, H.121, H.311

 

Number of OFF. file 23.14 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.326 - G.328

 

Number of OFF. file 23.15 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.223 - G.225

 

Number of OFF. file 23.16 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.309

 

Number of OFF. file 23.17 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.539

 

Number of OFF. file 24.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.124, D.133, D.158, D.245, F.235, F.401, F.418, G.225, G.325, G.375, K.48, K.118, K.141, K.193, K.236

 

Number of OFF. file 24.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.237, G.238

 

Number of OFF. file 24.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.234, H.235

 

Number of OFF. file 27.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.185, F.418, G.178, G.180, G.188, G.191, G.318, G.322, G.334 - G.339, G.345, G.442, G.460, G.464, G.466, G.481, G.484, G.493, G.497

 

Number of OFF. file 27.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.37, B.40, D.3, D.35, D.136, D.193, F.36, F.411, F.418, G.89, G.178, G.213, G.385, G.460, G.472, G.474, G.475, G.491, G.526, K.68, K.283

 

Number of OFF. file 27.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue C.70, D.130, G.89, G.307, G.335, G.337, G.341, G.349, G.446, G. 465, G.474, G.476, G.486, G.487, G.489, G.492, G.493, G.496, G.502, H.95

 

Number of OFF. file 27.4 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.40, F.55, F.412, G.449 - G.451, G.454, G.456, G.458 - 463, G.465, G.466, G.469 - G.471, G.473 - G.476, G.479 - G482, G.485, G.486, G.488 - G.490, G.492 - G.496, G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 27.4 Pt.2 D.124, F.411, G.454 - G.456, G.461, G.462, G.467, G.472, G.475 - G.477, G.479, G.480, G.483 - G.486, G.488 - 490, G.494, G.496 - G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 28.1 B.34, D.116, D.123, G.307, G.455, G.458, G459, G.462, G.463, G.465, G.473 - G.476, G.479, G.480, G.482, G.483, G.486, G.492 - G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 29.1 D.102, F.411, F.413, G.454, G.455, G.459 - G.462, G.464 - G.494, G.496 - G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 29.2 F.414, F.418, G.181, G.320, G.354, G.444, G.454, G.457 - G.459, G.461, G.463 - G.469, G.471, G.473 - G.476, G.478 - G.487, G.489 - G.492, G.494, G.496 - G.498, G.526, K.154, K.229

 

Number of OFF. file 30.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.405, G.98, G.137, G.138, G.152, G.153, G.219, G.229, G.232, G.324, G.426, G.431, G.432, G.442, G.453

 

Number of OFF. file 30.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.158

 

Number of OFF. file 30.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.152, G.522, G.541, H.138, H.144

 

Number of OFF. file 30.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.108 - D.112

 

Number of OFF. file 31.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.206, H.207

 

Number of OFF. file 31.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.231, H.17, H.191, H.192, H.195, H.197, H.199, H.200, H.206

 

Number of OFF. file 31.3 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.180, H.183 - H.193, H.195, H.197 - H.199, H.207

 

Number of OFF. file 31.3 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.168, H.176 - H.182, H.184, H.187, H.191, H.192, H.195, H.198, H.199

 

Number of OFF. file 31.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.201

 

Number of OFF. file 31.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.196

 

Number of OFF. file 32 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.403 - F.407, G.73, G.76, G.227, G.503, G.508, H.1, H.15, H.34, H.36, H.38 H.40, H.42, H.50, H.57, H.59, H.63, H.66, H.89, H.219, H.232, H.257, H.262, H.265

 

Number of OFF. file 33.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.267

 

Number of OFF. file 33.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.121

 

Number of OFF. file 33.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.119, H.120

 

Number of OFF. file 33.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.111, H.112

 

Number of OFF. file 33.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.41, H.112

 

Number of OFF. file 33.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.101 - H.103

 

Number of OFF. file 33.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.115

 

Number of OFF. file 33.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.106, H.109

 

Number of OFF. file 33.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.37

 

Number of OFF. file 33.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.22, H.165

 

Number of OFF. file 33.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.229 - F.233, F.235, F.364, F.398 - F.400, G.502, H.66, H.149, H.159, H.172

 

Number of OFF. file 33.12 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.153, H.154

 

Number of OFF. file 34.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.246, H.248

 

Number of OFF. file 34.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.267, G.284, G.297, G.300 - G.302, G.304 - G.306, G.310

 

Number of OFF. file 34.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.283, G.284

 

Number of OFF. file 34.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.282

 

Number of OFF. file 34.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.113, G.280, G.281, G.301, G.302

 

Number of OFF. file 34.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.268, G.269

 

Number of OFF. file 34.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.291

 

Number of OFF. file 34.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.171, G.172

 

Number of OFF. file 34.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.278, G.279

 

Number of OFF. file 34.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.275, G.276

 

Number of OFF. file 35.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.270 - G.272

 

Number of OFF. file 35.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.284, G.285

 

Number of OFF. file 35.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.273

 

Number of OFF. file 35.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.305

 

Number of OFF. file 35.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.286

 

Number of OFF. file 35.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.292 - G.295, G.305

 

Number of OFF. file 36.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.251 - G.256

 

Number of OFF. file 36.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.247 - G.249

 

Number of OFF. file 36.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.252, G.254 - G.256, G.305, G.306

 

Number of OFF. file 36.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.256

 

Number of OFF. file 37.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.165, G.247, G.250, G.251, G.265 - G.267, G.270, G.275, G.287 - G.290, G.296 - G.299, G.306

 

Number of OFF. file 37.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.277, G.298

 

Number of OFF. file 37.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.275, G.298, G.299

 

Number of Off. file 37A.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.246, G.256 - G.261, G.274, G.287, G.296

 

Number of Off. file 37A.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.261 - G.264

 

Number of Off. file 38.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.27, D.146, D155, D.219, F.412, F.419, G.62, G.459, H.31, H.117, K.129, K.142, K.233, K.244, K.295

 

Number of Off. file 38.1 Pt.1 A Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.147, D.173, D.262, D.263, F.72, F.232, F.402, F.403, F.407, F.418, G.87, G.145, G.170, G.442, G.473, G.476, G.512, G. 528, G.547, H.14, H.37, H.98, H.113, K.86, K.304

 

Number of Off. file 38.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue A.46, D.24, D.196, F.408, F.409, F.413, F.419, G.99, G.197, G.375, G.424, G.435, G.442, G.464, H.32, H.52, H.130, H.232, H.239, H.265, H.305, K.36, K.39, K.41, K.114, K.142, K.166, K.181, K.200, K.217, K.246, K.277, K.286, K.289, K.321

 

Number of OFF. file 38.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.193, F.61, F.72, F.409, F.410, F.413, F.414, F.418, F.419, G.459, G.478, G.521, H.7, H.35, H.239, H.265, J.55, J.56

 

Number of OFF. file 38.1 Pt.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.194, F.63, F.410, F.419, G.203, G.225, H.17, H.20, H.38, H.113, H.138, H.230, H.232, H.239, J.60, K.40, K.48, K.134, K.281

 

Number of OFF. file 38.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.72, F.396, F.401, F.402, G.198, G.228, G.500, G.522, G.543, G.549, H.79, H.98, H.121, H.125, H.130, H.139, H.143, H.220, H.273, H.284, H.287, K.139, K.215

 

Number of OFF. file 39.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.86, F.229, F.230, F.234, F.237, F.395, F.401, G.228, G.335, G.503, G.545, H.8, H.30, H.39, H.62, H.68, H.71, H.95, H.102, H.143, H.157, H.167, H.202, H.215, H.257, H.265, K.37

 

Number of OFF. file 39.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.391, G.394, H.23 - H.29, H.95

 

Number of OFF. file 39A.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or item in this catalogue F.72, G.1, G.4, G.7, G.10, G.12, G.27, G.28, G.38, G.43 G.45, G.46, G.53, G.56, G.57, G.64, G.70, G.75 - G.77, G.181, G.209

 

Number of OFF. file 39A.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.57 - G.66, G.70, G.77, G.143, G.145, G.230

 

Number of OFF. file 39A.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.57, G.67 - G.77

 

Number of OFF. file 40.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.24, D.102, D.146, D.155, F.72, F.229, F.230, F.408, F.418, G.99, G.168, G.220, G.226, G.228, G.230, G.357, G.441, G.442, G.444, G.445, G.460, G.461, G.463, G.466, G.475, G.476, G.480, G.481, G.484, G.492, G.497, G.498, G.502, G.510, G.518, G.534, H.95, H.115

 

Number of OFF. file 40.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.147, F.232, F.408, F.417, G.128, G.138, G.139, G.166, G.191, G.310, G.359, G.369, G.457, G.463, G.481, G.507, G.513, G.514, G.518, G.521

 

Number of OFF. file 40.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.99, G.236, G.464, G.546, H.310

 

Number of OFF. file 40.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.112, G.138, G.148, G.150, G.151, G.442, G.446, G.453, G.456, H.238

 

Number of OFF. file 40.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.262, G.518, H.114, H.115, H.121

 

Number of OFF. file 40.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.312, G.313

 

Number of OFF. file 40.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.418, G.165, G.168, G.220, G.287, G.444, G.445, G.461, G.472, G.497, G.500, G.537, G.538, H.39

 

Number of OFF. file 40.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.16, G.220, G.222, G.226, G.227, G.353, G.355

 

Number of OFF. file 40.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.38, G.43, G.46, G.96, G.97, G.307, G.397

 

Number of OFF. file 40.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.80, G.96, G.322, G.535, G.536, K.129, K.277, K.295

 

Number of OFF. file 41.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue Pt.1 G.80, G.81, G.221

 

Number of OFF. file 41.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue Pt.2 G.80, G.82 - G.84, G.163, G.323, G.324, G.334, G.355, G.408

 

Number of OFF. file 41.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.71, G.152, G.274, G.307, G.382, G.442, G.446

 

Number of OFF. file 41.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.442, G.487

 

Number of OFF. file 41.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.231 - G.234

 

Number of OFF. file 41.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.149, G.442, G.506, H.97, H.98

 

Number of OFF. file 42.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.221, H.222, H.227, H.254, H.256

 

Number of OFF. file 42.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.401, F.407, H.66, H.103, H.151

 

Number of OFF. file 43.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.41, D.44, D.66, D.133, D.166, D.194, D.206, D.245, D.258, F.60, F.72, F.408, F.409, F.411, G.79, G.88, G.98, G.99, G.138, G.152, G.225, G.229, G.235, G.294, G.295, G.305, G.325, G.355, G.426, G.428, G.429, G.456, G.459, G.480, G.521, H.35, H.81, H.83, H.87, H.88, H.98, H.130, H.131, H.133, H.168, H.176, H.218, H.219, H.231, H.232, H.234, H.236, H.275, H.292, H.305, K.7, K.95, K.280, K.282

 

Number of OFF. file 43.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.24, D.44, D.259, F.72, F.409, F.412, F.416, G.79, G.95, G.99, G.432, G.475, H.17, H.89, H.98, H.125, H.126, H.214, H.236, H.245, H.293, H.294, K.7, K.40, K.215

 

Number of OFF. file 43.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.44, B.45, D.20, D.51, D.160, D.194, D.245, F.63, F.72, F.410, G.79, G.98, G.203, G.284, G.305, G.434, G.531, G.546, G.547, H.20, H.99, H.138, H.156, H.230, H.249, H.250, H.296, J.60, K.48, K.186, K.213

 

Number of OFF. file 43.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.53

 

Number of OFF. file 44.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.53 - H.55

 

Number of OFF. file 44.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.43, H.45, H.49, H.52

 

Number of OFF. file 44.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.258, H.52

 

Number of OFF. file 44.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.53, H.57

 

Number of OFF. file 44.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.43

 

Number of OFF. file 44.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.48, H.51, H.56, H.57

 

Number of OFF. file 44.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.43 - H.47, H.50, H.52, H.53, H.57, H.58, H.118

 

Number of OFF. file 45.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.530 - G.532, H.241, H.243 - H.248, H.251

 

Number of OFF. file 45.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.247, H.248

 

Number of OFF. file 45.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.162, H.165

 

Number of OFF. file 45.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.229

 

Number of OFF. file 45.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.310, G.311, G.344

 

Number of OFF. file 45.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.325, G.523, H.155, H.208, H.223, H.229, H.231, H.232, H.241, H.256, H.257, H.286, J.51

 

Number of OFF. file 45.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.404, H.262

 

Number of OFF. file 45.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.4, G.528, G.530, H.236, H.237

 

Number of OFF. file 45.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.317, G.342, G.343

 

Number of OFF. file 45.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.315, G.323, G.493

 

Number of OFF. file 45.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.217, G.323, G.324, G.343, G.344, G.413

 

Number of OFF. file 46.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.545, G.546, H.143, J.61

 

Number of OFF. file 46.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.351

 

Number of OFF. file 46.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.402, F.408, G.542, H.140 - H.143

 

Number of OFF. file 46.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.349, G.350

 

Number of OFF. file 47.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.206, G.213, G.303, G.340

 

Number of OFF. file 47.2 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.3, D.179, D.186, D.231, F.418, G.228, G.341, G.441, G.480, G.497, H.121

 

Number of OFF. file 47.2 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.3, D.4, D.166, D.239, D.242, D.258, F.418, G.142, G.304, G.426, G.441, G.446, G.515, H.239, H.240

 

Number of OFF. file 47.2 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.51, D.124, D.143, D.194, F.236, F.237, F.418, G.98, G.203, G.220, G.236, G.531, G.546, H.236, H.245, H.248, H.250, H.286, H.288

 

Number of OFF. file 47.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.205, G.299, G.300, G.306

 

Number of OFF. file 47.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.353, G.354, G.443/1

 

Number of OFF. file 47.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.529, G.530, G.532, G.533

 

Number of OFF. file 47.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.363

 

Number of OFF. file 48.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.352

 

Number of OFF. file 48.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.351, G.374, G.375

 

Number of OFF. file 48.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.175, G.361, G.362

 

Number of OFF. file 48.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.174

 

Number of OFF. file 49.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.145 - D.147, D.190, G.89, G.147, G.466, G.497, H.95

 

Number of OFF. file 49.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.462

 

Number of OFF. file 49.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.237, H.88, H.99, H.166, K.186, K.282

 

Number of OFF. file 53.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.162

 

Number of OFF. file 53.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.168 - G.170

 

Number of OFF. file 53.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.229, G.167

 

Number of OFF. file 53.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.160, G.161

 

Number of OFF. file 53.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.24, D.33, D.37, D.245, D.258, F.69, F.229, F.408, F.418, G.99, G.104, G.147, G.152, G.162, G.173, G.177, G.218, G.228, G.318, G.442, G.452, G.457, G.460, G.463, G.464, G.469, G.474, G.480, G.487, G.498

 

Number of OFF. file 53.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.176

 

Number of OFF. file 53.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.218, G.219

 

Number of OFF. file 53.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.60 - H.64

 

Number of OFF. file 54.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue B.39, D.185, D.245, F.418, G.209, G.405, G.445, G.481, G.482, H.117

 

Number of OFF. file 54.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.244

 

Number of OFF. file 54.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.239, G.240, G.242, G.243

 

Number of OFF. file 54.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.114, G.461, G.496

 

Number of OFF. file 55.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.130 - G.136

 

Number of OFF. file 55.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.126, G.128

 

Number of OFF. file 55.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.114, G.128, G.137, G.140

 

Number of OFF. file 55.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.114, G.126 - G.128, G.131, G.137, G.138, G.217

 

Number of OFF. file 55.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.115 - G.125

 

Number of OFF. file 55.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.111, G.114, G.126, G.137 - G.139

 

Number of OFF. file 55.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.111, G.128, G.129, G.137, G.140, K.186

 

Number of OFF. file 56.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.376 - G.380

 

Number of OFF. file 56.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.229, G.403, G.404, G.407 - G.409, G.443/2

 

Number of OFF. file 56.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.390, G.396

 

Number of OFF. file 56.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.380

 

Number of OFF. file 57.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.96, G.314, G.335, G.345

 

Number of OFF. file 57.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.279, G.315, G.316, G.325, G.330, G.331, G.335, G.344

 

Number of OFF. file 57.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.80, G.318 - G.322, G.335, G.353, G.443/1

 

Number of OFF. file 57.4 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.387, G.389 - G.392, G.394 - G.398, G.405, G.406

 

Number of OFF. file 57.4 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.227, G.267, G.321, G.397, G.399 - G.406, G.409

 

Number of OFF. file 57.5 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.136, G.379 - G.383, G.385, G.386, G.388, G.393

 

Number of OFF. file 57.5 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.131, G.386 - G.390, G.393 - G.396

 

Number of OFF. file 58.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.345 - G.348

 

Number of OFF. file 58.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.395 - F.397

 

Number of OFF. file 58.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.258 - H.261

 

Number of OFF. file 58.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.328, G.329

 

Number of OFF. file 60.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.52, G.53, G.56

 

Number of OFF. file 60.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.1

 

Number of OFF. file 60.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.39, H.65, H.140, H.142

 

Number of OFF. file 60.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.229, H.101 - H.103, H.147

 

Number of OFF. file 60.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.147, H.116

 

Number of OFF. file 60.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.96, H.104, H.121

 

Number of OFF. file 60.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.2 - H.6

 

Number of OFF. file 60.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.85 - G.87, G.145, H.39, H.81, H.84, H.105 - H.109, H.234, H.235

 

Number of OFF. file 60.9 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.71, F.231, F.241, G.148, H.102

 

Number of OFF. file 60.10 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.2, H.3, H.5, H.6

 

Number of OFF. file 60.11 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.322, G.374, G.442

 

Number of OFF. file 60.12 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.14, H.66, H.91, H.121, H.270, H.273, H.285, H.287

 

Number of OFF. file 60.13 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.299, H.300

 

Number of OFF. file 60.14 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.30, H.148, H.158, H.164

 

Number of OFF. file 61.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.40, F.42, F.48, F.51, F.62, F.64, F.66, F.81/1 - F.81/3, F.87, G.97

 

Number of OFF. file 61.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.69, F.80, F.82 - F.85

 

Number of OFF. file 61.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.67, F.68

 

Number of OFF. file 61.3 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.40 - F.64, F.79

 

Number of OFF. file 61.3 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.40 - F.64

 

Number of OFF. file 61.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue D.3, F.40 - F.64, F.411 - F.414, G.97, G.463, G.465, K.167, K.213, K.295

 

Number of OFF. file 62.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.134 - H.137, H.139

 

Number of OFF. file 62.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.151, H.224 - H.227

 

Number of OFF. file 62.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.405, H.99, H.113, H.130, H.137, H.139, H.208, H.225, H.235, H.255, H.285, H.287, H.290 - H.297

 

Number of OFF. file 62.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.143, H.221, H.222, H.224, H.226, H.227, H.257

 

Number of OFF. file 62.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.239, H.36, H.122 - H.127, H.131, H.132, H.139

 

Number of OFF. file 62.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.126, H.128, H.130 - H.133, H.138, H.139

 

Number of OFF. file 62.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.127

 

Number of OFF. file 62.8 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.124, H.126, H.138

 

Number of OFF. file 63.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.20, H.273, H.283, H.285, H.287, H.313

 

Number of OFF. file 63.1A Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.11, F.242, F.253 - F.257, F.409, G.235, G.410, G.420, H.129, H.171, H.233, H.266, H.286, H.310, J.91, J.124

 

Number of OFF. file 63.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.174, H.204, H.206, H.207

 

Number of OFF. file 63.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.169, H.170, H.173, H.203, H.205 - H.207

 

Number of OFF. file 63.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.98, H.99

 

Number of OFF. file 63.4A Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.154, G.332, G.333, G.360, G.410, G.411, G.417, G.418, G.422, G.424, G.426, G.428, G.439, J.139

 

Number of OFF. file 63.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue F.402, H.31, H.33, H.34, H.38, H.146, H.157, H.170, H.175, H.211 - H.214, H.227, H.231, H.255, H.307

 

Number of OFF. file 63.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.38, H.143, H.312 - H.314, H.316 - H.320

 

Number of OFF. file 63.7 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.234, H.235, H.263, H.264

 

Number of OFF. file 64.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.298, H.302

 

Number of OFF. file 64.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.298, H.302 - H.304

 

Number of OFF. file 64.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.303, H.305 - H.310, H.312, H.315

 

Number of OFF. file 64.1 Pt.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.143, H.214, H.228, H.296, H.300, H.312 - H.317, H.320

 

Number of OFF. file 64.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.321

 

Number of OFF. file 64.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.310

 

Number of OFF. file 65.1 A Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.66, H.144, H.156, H.225, H.227, H.266, H.270, H.273, H.274, H.278, H.282 - H.287, H.289

 

Number of OFF. file 65.1 B Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.268, H.269, H.270, H.272 - H.274, H.282, H.284, H.285

 

Number of OFF. file 65.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.270, H.272, H.273, H.275 - H.278, H.283, H.285, H.312, H.313

 

Number of OFF. file 66.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.110

 

Number of OFF. file 66.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.122

 

Number of OFF. file 66.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.138

 

Number of OFF. file 66.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.146

 

Number of OFF. file 66.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.114

 

Number of OFF. file 66.6 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.111

 

Number of OFF. file 67.1 Pt.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.127

 

Number of OFF. file 67.1 Pt.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.128

 

Number of OFF. file 67.1 Pt.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.129

 

Number of OFF. file 67.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.133

 

Number of OFF. file 68.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue G.548

 

Number of OFF. file 68.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.123

 

Number of OFF. file 68.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.115

 

Number of OFF. file 68.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.126

 

Number of OFF. file 68.5 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.125

 

Number of OFF. file 69.1 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.109

 

Number of OFF. file 69.2 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.233

 

Number of OFF. file 69.3 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue H.271

 

Number of OFF. file 69.4 Reference to folders or items in this catalogue J.116

Note:

Compiled by Jeannine Alton and Julia Latham-Jackson

 

The work of the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, and the production of this catalogue, are made possible by the support of the following societies and institutions:

 

The Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

 

The Biochemical Society

 

The British Pharmacological Society

 

The Charles Babbage Foundation for the History of Information Processing

 

The Institute of Physics

 

The Institution of Electrical Engineers

 

The Nuffield Foundation

 

The Physiological Society

 

The Royal Society of London

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 

We are grateful for help and information from many sources and in particular to:

 

The Librarian and staff of Nuffield College Library, Oxford.

 

Mr. M. Maclagen, for help in identifying the names of correspondents, especially in Section K.

 

Professor M.M. Gowing, Sir Donald MacDougall, Professor J.R. Parkinson, Miss J. Pye and Mr. P. J. Searby, for comments on the draft catalogue.

 

Mrs. M.M. Edwards, for careful and accurate typing, and for her patience.

"
Date: 1899 - 1957
Held by: Oxford University: Nuffield College Library, not available at The National Archives
Language: English
Creator:

Lindemann, Frederick Alexander, 1st Viscount Cherwell, 1886-1957, scientist and physicist

Physical description: 2574 files
Access conditions:

NOT ALL THE MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION IS YET AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION. ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE FIRST INSTANCE TO:

 

THE LIBRARIAN

 

NUFFIELD COLLEGE

 

OXFORD

Custodial history:

The history of the collection is long, complex and in many respects uncertain. The following dates and stages may be distinguished.

 

In 1945 Cherwell took to Oxford his wartime papers, which are referred to in correspondence of that year with T. Wilson (see F.85). The files were given some listing on receipt at the Clarendon Laboratory by two members of Cherwell's staff (J.R. Parkinson and N.B. Giles), but no incontrovertible dated evidence remains of that ordering.

 

Cherwell frequently consulted the material at the request of other historians, in particular Churchill, to verify specific matters of the history of the war (see, interalia, D.117, F.87, G.348, G.437-440, G.550, J.97, K.69, K.241) but always refused to write his own account of his career or work.

 

In 1948 typescript copies were made from the originals of some of Cherwell's minutes to Churchill for 1939 - 42; this was arranged with T. Wilson and is also referred to in his correspondence with Cherwell in item F.85. The copies themselves appear at F.217 - F.228.

 

In 1957 Cherwell died, a bachelor, in his rooms at Christ Church, Oxford. In his will he left his papers to his elder brother, Brigadier Charles Lindemann, with the proviso that, in the event of his brother's predeceasing him, he would like Sir Donald MacDougall to have the papers. At the time of Cherwell's death, Brigadier Lindemann was in the U.S. and in poor health, and in 1961 the papers were deposited by Sir Donald MacDougall in the Library of Nuffield College, Oxford, of which he was a Fellow. Before this they had been first at Christ Church and from 1958 - 61 in the care of Lord Birkenhead, author of the official life of Cherwell, The Prof in two worlds (Collins 1961). When Charles Lindemann died in 1970, the English-Speaking Union was his residuary legatee; the Union has retained the copyright of Cherwell's personal papers, but has left the papers with Nuffield College on indefinite loan.

 

Before transfer from Christ Church to Lord Birkenhead the papers were examined by P.J. Searby who had been Private Secretary to Lord Cherwell as Paymaster General 1952 - 53 and had exercised oversight of the papers subsequently issued to Lord Cherwell as Part-time Member of the U.K. Atomic Energy Authority from 1954 until his death in 1957. While no formal review of the papers was undertaken at this time, some material of particular sensitivity was removed (see H.174) to official Archives and partial Minute Sheets were made for a small number of the correspondence files. A further examination also covering some additional papers was carried out in about 1960 in conjunction with Lord Birkenhead's Research Assistant, Miss Otto; to this latter period would appear to belong the numerical sequences written in very large blue pencil characters on some of the manuscripts.

 

In 1961 Birkenhead published the official life of Cherwell, for which he had had access to the papers, referring to them in the footnotes to his book as 'Cherwell Archives'. He and his research assistants made various notes on aspects of Cherwell's life and work (see A.30, A.128, F.22) and brief biographical outlines of some of his correspondents, several of which remain in the relevant folders.

 

In 1965 - 66 a further major sorting and review took place, by J.M. Pye, Official Archivist, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, advised by P.J. Searby, and an outline list was drawn up. The main principle adopted was a division into 'Official' and 'Personal', primarily for considerations of security for government papers included in Cherwell's material. Thus the 'Official' papers (OFF. in the outline list) were deemed to be those relating to Cherwell's service in the Churchill wartime and postwar administrations, and the 'Personal' files (PERS. in the outline list) would be concerned with Cherwell's scientific, academic and social life. This distinction, implemented on broad lines and on an essentially chronological basis, was never absolute. OFF. and PERS. files overlapped in subject-matter, correspondent, origin or simply the taking of multiple carbon copies. PERS. files might contain political or official material, while OFF. files could include minor social or personal items which happened to bear a wartime date.

 

A certain degree of 'weeding' also took place in the course of this review; see A.17, E.22, F.2 for notes of material destroyed.

 

Since the 1965 - 66 review, the papers (chiefly those in the OFF. sections) have been consulted by historians of science, biographers of Churchill, students of the Second World War, and others. Several of these appear to have left notes or markings on the manuscripts, and may have further disturbed their order. In addition, the material has been reviewed periodically by the Cabinet Office in order to re- or de-classify government papers as they became available to readers under the 30-year rule or other appropriate regulation. The latest of these reviews was in 1980, and it has largely eliminated the distinction between OFF. and PERS. files imposed in 1965.

 

This last consideration, coupled with the facts that Cherwell's original ordering of his papers could no longer be traced, and that the existing files were of unmanageable bulk and disparate content, prompted the decision to undertake a fundamental re-sorting of the whole collection. The papers are now presented as shown in the List of Contents.

 

In order to help researchers who had already consulted the papers and made references on the basis of the 1965 - 66 listing, and at the request of Nuffield College, a Conspectus of file-numbers has been compiled for all papers assigned to the OFF. files (see the note on the Conspectus below). The PERS. files are not included in the Conspectus, mainly because fewer readers to date have wished to consult those sections of the collection. It is hoped that a reading of the catalogue entries (now much more comprehensive) and index of correspondents will enable users to identify such material and indeed to locate other papers on the same topic which they had not previously been able to trace.

 

Many of the documents bear an array of annotations, identifications, suggestions for date or recipient, numerical sequences, etc. in black, red or blue pencil, ink or ball-point pen. These have not been erased, but they bear no relation to the present arrangement. The only relevant indications now on the papers are the OFF. numbers, in pencil at the head of the sheet where required.

Publication note:

Several biographical accounts of Cherwell have already been published and are mentioned here in chronological order. The Memoir by G.P. Thomson (Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 1958) concentrates primarily on Cherwell's scientific career in peace and war, though as one of Cherwell's oldest personal friends (indeed, almost the only remaining early colleague who had maintained continuous friendly relations with him) he was also able to include some biographical material.

 

R.F. Harrod's The Prof (Macmillan 1959), is subtitled 'A Personal memoir of Lord Cherwell' and described by the author as 'drawing on my own recollections only'. As a Student of Christ Church, 1924 - 67, Harrod had many contacts with Cherwell, and his book contributes many anecdotes of Cherwell's personality, and his part in social and political events from the Thirties onwards. Harrod was especially closely associated with Cherwell during the latter's Conservative political campaigns of 1935 - 36, and with the Prime Minister's Statistical Branch from 1 January 1940 until early 1942.

 

Birkenhead's The Prof in two worlds (Collins 1961), is the official life, drawing on manuscript sources, recollections by family, colleagues, politicians and others. It is the fullest account extant, and has been drawn upon, and quoted, from time to time in compiling this catalogue.

Subjects:
  • Einstein, Albert, 1879-1955, scientist and physicist
Administrative / biographical background:

BY ANY OTHER NAME

 

F.A. Lindemann took the title of Cherwell of Oxford when he was created Baron in 1941. It was under this name that he became a national figure as adviser and minister to Churchill, though his scientific colleagues continued to think of him as Lindemann. Despite his love and respect for his father and elder brother among his immediate family, it is likely that he was not reluctant to replace a name with Germanic resonances (and which had often been the subject of wounding reflections and unfounded gossip) with a title expressing his identification with Oxford and his intense patriotism for Britain, particularly in time of war. In the narratives and entries of this catalogue he is referred to consistently as Cherwell, though both names appear on the reference title at the head of each page.

 

It was not, however, only his surname which Cherwell appears to have found uncomfortable. More unaccountably, his two imperial forenames, Frederick Alexander, were also shunned, and he tended to sign letters with initials only. The family pet-name for him was 'Peach' and it is not surprising that only a very few close friends (such as the Egertons) ever learnt or ventured to write it, though Cherwell himself signed his early letters to his father in this way. Tizard, in the early days of their friendship, addressed him as 'Lindy', and Cherwell's much-loved elder brother Charles sometimes wrote to 'My dear Old Man', but Cherwell did not encourage intimacy; the name 'Prof', with or without the definite article and abbreviation mark, and variously spelt with single and double 'f', was hit upon apparently by Lady Eleanor Smith (see Birkenhead, The Prof in two worlds, pp.128-129) and seems in retrospect an inspired solution. It enabled him to hide his personality behind a function, yet conveyed in its abbreviated form an affectionate informality. At all events, it became his 'name' for personal and social purposes for the rest of his life.

 

Like Cherwell himself, many of the political and social figures who appear in his papers changed their names by succession to hereditary titles or by the award of honours. Some, such as H.R. Trevor-Roper, now Lord Dacre, have done so while the catalogue was in preparation. In such cases, names are given in the Index under both the patronymic and the title of honour, the reference numbers being listed under the name borne by the writer at the time when the correspondence (or the greater part of it) was conducted. Thus, F. Pakenham is listed under P with a cross-reference under Longford, Trevor-Roper under T cross-referenced under Dacre, D. Sandys under S cross-referenced under Duncan-Sandys, A.Lennox-Boyd under L cross-referenced under Boyd of Merton.

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