Although the war at sea began immediately after Britain announced war with Germany, the period from September 1939 until May 1940 was marked by few military operations and termed 'phoney'.
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Further reading
- Barnett, C., Engage the enemy more closely: the Royal Navy in the Second World War (London: Penguin Classics, 2000)
- Caddick-Adams, P., Phoney war and Blitzkrieg: the Territorial Army, 1939-1940 In RUSI Journal, 143 (2), pp.67-74 (1998)
- Collier, B., The defence of the United Kingdom (London: HMSO, 1957)
- Horne, A., To Lose A Battle: France 1940 (London: Penguin, 1990)
- Parker, R.A.C., Britain, France and Scandinavia, 1939-40 In History, 61 (203), pp. 333-506 (1976)
- Terraine, J., Business in great waters: the U-boat wars, 1916-1945 (Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 1999)
- Terraine, J., The right of the line: the Royal Air Force in the European war, 1939-1945 (Ware: Wordsworth Editions, 1998)
