A – B – C – D – E – F – G – H – I – J – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – W
This is a list of the Latin words used in the Stage 1 lessons.
It is set out so that you can
- find each word easily
- recognise whether it is a noun, verb, adjective etc.
- identify which declension it belongs to (if it’s a noun or adjective) or which conjugation it belongs to (if it’s a verb)
- know what to do next to decline it
By using our word list, you will gain practice and confidence with Latin.
When you complete the tutorial, you will have the confidence to use a Latin-English dictionary. We suggest R E Latham, Revised Medieval Latin Word-list, (London, published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press, 1973).
Other Latin dictionaries are set out in the same manner as our word list. However, you may find that they may provide less information.
Remember that if you look up a medieval, Tudor or Stuart word in a Classical Latin dictionary, it may give a different and inappropriate meaning.
How to use the word list
Remember that this word list gives the most common medieval spelling of each word. It does not list the many variants of the word. In particular, in Tudor and Stuart documents you may find that the word is spelt with an ‘ae’ instead of an ‘e’.
Nouns
Nouns are given in the nominative singular, followed by the genitive singular ending. The gender of the noun is given and its meaning in English.
Look at our example of terra:
terra, -e (f.) land
- ‘terra‘ is the nominative singular form of the word
- ‘-e‘ is the genitive singular ending
- ‘(f.)’ is the gender – feminine
If you know the genitive singular of a noun, you can work out which case it belongs to.
If you know which case it belongs to, you can work out how to decline it.
The genitive singular of third declension nouns is particularly important. Therefore, both the nominative and genitive singular of third declension nouns is given in full.
Verbs
Verbs are given in parts (called the principal parts).
Look at our example of habere:
habeo, habere, habui, habitum (2) to have
- ‘habeo‘ is the ‘I’ form of the present tense
- ‘habere‘ is the infinitive
- ‘habui‘ is the ‘I’ form of the past tense
- ‘habitum‘ is the supine (not covered in this series of lessons)
With this information, you will be able to conjugate each verb.
Sometimes the supine is not given.
Adjectives
These are all noted. For first and second declension adjectives, the masculine, feminine and neuter nominative singular forms are given, with their meaning.
For example:
dimidius, -a, -um (adjective) half
- ‘dimidius‘ is the masculine nominative singular
- ‘-a‘ is the feminine nominative singular ending
- ‘-um‘ is the neuter nominative singular ending
Some first and second declension adjectives end ‘er’ in the masculine nominative singular. Most lose the ‘e’ of ‘er’ when declined.
For example:
pulcher, puchra, pulchrum (adjective) beautiful
For third declension adjectives, either
- the masculine/feminine and neuter nominative singular forms are given, with the meaning – for example, omnis, -e (adjective) all
or
- the nominative and genitive forms are given, with the meaning – for example, ingens, ingentis (adjective) huge
For an explanation of this, see lesson seven.
Pronouns
The masculine, feminine and neuter nominative singular forms are given, with their meaning. All pronouns are noted.
For example:
qui, que, quod (pronoun) who, whom, which
Adverbs
These are all noted, with their meaning.
For example:
ubi (adverb) where
Prepositions
These are all noted, with the case they take and their meaning.
For example:
ante (preposition + accusative) before
Abbreviations
These abbreviations are used in the word list:
- (f.) means feminine
- (m.) means masculine
- (n.) means neuter
Brackets
Where necessary, any further explanation of a word is given in brackets.
For example:
probo, probare, probavi, provatum (1) to prove (a will)
Word list
A
a (before a consonant)/ab (before a vowel) (preposition + ablative) by, from
abbas, abbatis (m.) abbot
ac and
acra, -e (f.) acre
ad (preposition + accusative) towards, to, for, at (implies movement towards)
Adam, Ade (m.) Adam
adventus, -us (m.) appearance in court, arrival, Advent
aecclesia, -e (f.) church
Agnes, Agnetis (f.) Agnes
agricola, -e (m.) farmer
Alexander, Alexandri (m.) Alexander
Alicia, -e (f.) Alice
alius, alia, aliud (adjective) the other
alter, altera, alterum (adjective) the other (of two things)
Amabila, -e, (f.) Amabila
amen amen (Hebrew word; does not decline)
Anglia, -e (f.) England
Anglicus, -i (m.) Englishman
anima, -e (f.) (dative and ablative plural animabus) soul
animal, animalis (n.) animal
Anna, -e (f.) Anna
Annunciatio, Annunciationis (f.) Annunciation
ante (preposition + accusative) before
antiquus, -a, -um (adjective) old
appono, apponere, apposui, appositum (3) to affix
Aprilis, Aprilis (m.) April
apud (preposition + accusative) at, by, near, to, towards
aquaticus, -a, -um (adjective) worked by water
Archangelus, -i (m.) archangel
argentum, -i (n.) silver
armiger, armigeri (m.) squire, esquire
audio, audire, audivi, auditum (4) to hear
Augustus, -i (m.) August
aurifaber, aurifabri (m.) goldsmith
ava, -e (f.) grandmother
avisamentum, -i (n.) advice
avus, -i (m.) grandfather
B
baro, baronis (m.) baron, tenant-in-chief
beatus, -a, -um (adjective) blessed
bene (adverb) well
Benedictus, -i (m.) Benedict
bonus, -a, -um (adjective) good
bosca, –e (f.) wood, woodland, firewood
boscus, -i (m.) wood, woodland, firewood
Breve, brevis (n.) writ
burgagium, -ii (n.) burgage
C
calcar, calcaris (n.) spur
capio, capere, cepi, captum (3) to take, seize, rent
Carolus, -i (m.) Charles
carta, -e (f.) charter
caruca, -e (f.) plough
castrum, -i (n.) castle
catallum, -i (n.) chattel
celeriter (adverb) quickly
centum one hundred
centum et unus one hundred and one
Christina, -e (f.) Christina
Christoferus, -i (m.) Christopher
civis, civis (m.) citizen [genitive plural civium]
clavis, clavis (f.) key [genitive plural clavium]
clericus, -i (m.) clerk
cognosco, cognoscere, cognovi, cognitum (3) to know, get to know
comitatus, -us (m.) county, earldom, county court
communis, -e (adjective) common
concedo, concedere, concessi, concessum (3) to concede, grant, allow
concordia, -e (f.) agreement
condo, condere, condidi, conditum (3) to make (a will)
confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatum (1) to confirm
conquestus, -us (m.) conquest, the Norman conquest of England in 1066
consilium, -ii (n.) counsel, council
coram (preposition + ablative) in the presence of, before
coronator, coronatoris (m.) coroner
crastinum, -i (n.) morrow
croftum, -i (n.) croft, enclosed piece of arable land
cum (preposition + ablative) with
curia, -e (f.) court
D
dampnum, -i (n.) damage
data given, dated
datum given, dated
de (preposition + ablative) from, concerning, of, for
debeo, debere, debui, debitum (2) to owe, to be obliged to do (something)
decem ten (does not decline)
December, Decembris (m.) December
defensor, defensoris (m.) defender
dico, dicere, dixi, dictum (3) to say
dies Dominica Sunday
dies Iovis Thursday
dies Lune Monday
dies Martis Tuesday
dies Mercurii Wednesday
dies Sabbati Saturday
dies Veneris Friday
dies, diei (m.) day
dilectus, -a, -um (adjective) beloved
dimidius, -a, -um (adjective) half
do, dare, dedi, datum (1) to give
domina, -e (f.) lady, Lady
Dominica, -e (f.) Sunday
dominicus, -a, -um (adjective) demesne
domus, -us (f.) house
ducenti, -ae, -a two hundred
duo two
duodecim twelve
duodeviginti eighteen
E
e (before a consonant)/ex (before a vowel) (preposition + ablative) from, out of
Eboracum, -i (n.) York
ecclesia, -e (f.) church
edifico, edificare, edificavi, edificatum (1) to build
Edwardus, -i (m.) Edward
ego I
eius (pronoun, genitive of is, ea, id) of him, of her, of it
Elias Elias
Elizabetha, -e (f.) Elizabeth
eorum, earum, eorum (pronoun, genitive of is, ea, id, masculine, feminine, neuter plural) of them, theirs
episcopus, -i (m.) bishop
Ernegis Ernegis
escambium, -ii (n.) exchange
esse to be (see sum)
et and
etas, etatis (f.) age
executor, executoris (m.) executor
exitus, -us (m.) profits, exit, revenue
expensum, -i (n.) money paid, payment, expense
F
faber, fabri (m.) smith
facio, facere, feci, factum (3) to make, do
falso (adverb) falsely
Februarius, -i (m.) February
feodum, -i (n.) fee, fief
fera, -e (f.) beast of the chase
festum, -i (n.) feast
fidelis, -e (adjective) faithful
fides, fidei (f.) faith
filia, -e (f.) (dative and ablative plural
filiabus) daughter
finalis, -e (adjective) final
finis, finis (m. sometimes f.) fine, boundary, end, limit
franciplegius, -ii (m.) frankpledge
frater, fratris (m.) brother
fundatio, fundationis (f.) foundation
G
garderoba, -e (f.) wardrobe
generosus, -i (m.) gentleman
genu, -us (n.) knee
Georgius, -ii (m.) George
Ghida, -e (f.) Gytha
Gilbertus, -i (m.) Gilbert
Gracia, -e (f.) Grace
gracia, -e (f.) grace
gratia, -e (f.) grace
Gulielmus, -i (m.) William
H
habeo, habere, habui, habitum (2) to have
Henricus, -i (m.) Henry
Heraldus, -i (m.) Harold
heres, heredis (m., f.) heir
hereditarius, -ii (m.) heir
Hibernia, -e (f.) Ireland
hic, hec, hoc (adjective and pronoun) this, he, she, it
hic (adverb) here
hida, -e (f.) hide (The amount of land which could support a household, often supposed to be 120 acres)
homo, hominis (m.) man
Hugo, Hugonis (m.) Hugh
huiusmodi this
I
iaceo, iacere, iacui, iacitum (2) to lie, to be situated
ibi there
ibidem (adverb) at the same place, in the same place
idem, eadem, idem (pronoun) the same
ideo (adverb) therefore
ille, illa, ilud (pronoun and adjective) that, he, she, it
imperator, imperatoris (m.) emperor
imperpetuum (adverb) forever, in perpetuity
in (preposition + accusative) into, onto (preposition + ablative) in, on
ingens, ingentis (adjective) huge
ingressus, -us (m.) entry, right of entry
inspeximus inspeximus (A kind of charter which testifies to the fact that an earlier charter has been inspected and confirmed)
inter (preposition + accusative) among, between
ipse, ipsa, ipsum (pronoun and adjective) self, he himself, she herself, itself, aforesaid
is, ea, id (pronoun and adjective) he, she, it, this, that
Isabella, -e (f.) Isabella
item (adverb) likewise, moreover, also
iuxta (preposition + accusative) next to, near, according to
J
Januarius, -i (m.) January
Johanna, -e (f.) Joanna
Johannes, Johannis (m.) John
Julius, -i (m.) July
Junius, -i (m.) June
jurator, juratoris (m.) juror
jus, juris (n.) right, law
L
laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratum (1) to work
legalis, -e (adjective) lawful
lego, legare, legavi, legatum (1) to leave, bequeath
liber, -era, -erum (adjective) free
libere (adverb) freely
libra, -e (f.) pound (currency)
littera, -e (f.) letter
Londinia, -e (f.) Londinium-ii (n) London
M
magister, magistri (m.) master
magnus, -a, -um (adjective) great, big
Maius, -i (m.) May
manerium, -ii (n.) manor
manus, -us (f.) hand
marca, -e (f.) mark (unit of currency)
mare, maris (n.) sea [genitive plural marium]
Maria, -e (f.) Mary
martir, martiris (m.) martyr
Martius, -i (m.) March
mater, matris (m.) mother
Mathildis, Mathildis (f.) Matilda (note Matilda can also be Mathilda, – e (f)).
medietas, medietatis (f.) moiety, half
mensis, -is (m.) month
mercatum, -i (n) – market
meridies, meridiei (m.) midday, south
meus, mea, meum (pronoun) my
Michael, Michaelis (m.) Michael
michi, mihi (pronoun, dative case) to me
miles, militis (m.) knight
mille one thousand
missa, -e (f.) mass
mitto, mittere, misi, missum (3) to send
modo (adverb) now
modus, -i (m.) manner, method
monachus, -i (m.) monk
monasterium, -ii (n.) monastery
moneo, monere, monui, monitum (2) to warn, advise
mors, mortis (f.) death
moveo, movere, movi, motum (2) to move
N
navis, navis (f.) ship [genitive plural navium]
neuter, neutra, neutrum (adjective) neither (of two things)
nomen, nominis (n.) name
non (adverb) not
nonaginta ninety
nongenti nine hundred
nos we
noster, nostra, nostrum (pronoun) our, ours
novem nine (does not decline)
November, Novembris (m.) November
novus, -a, -um (adjective) new
nullus, -a, -um (adjective) no, none
nunc (adverb) now
nuper (adverb) former, lately
O
O! Oh!
obeo, obire, obii, obitum to die
obitus, -us (m.) death, anniversary of a death
octava, -e (f. and plural) octave
octingenti eight hundred
octo eight (does not decline)
October, Octobris (m.) October
octoginta eighty
omnis, -e (adjective) all
ordino, ordinare, ordinavi, ordinatum (1) to order, appoint
oro, orare, oravi, oratum (1) to pray
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostentum (3) to show
P
panis, -is (m.) bread
papa, -e (m.) pope
parca, -e (f.) park
parcus, -i (m.) park
parens, parentis (m. and f.) parent
parochialis, -e (adjective) parochial, parish
pars, partis (f.) (genitive plural partium) part
parsona, -e (m.) parson
pastura, -e (f.) pasture
pater, patris (m.) father
pecunia, -e (f.) livestock
per (preposition + accusative) by, through, during
persona, -e (f.), parson
pertinentia, -e (f.) appurtenance
peto, petere, petivi, petitum (3) to petition, require, seek
Petrus, -i (m.) Peter
placitum, -i (n.) plea
plegius, -ii (m.) pledge
pons, pontis (m.) bridge [genitive plural pontium]
porcus, -i (m.) pig
post (preposition + accusative) after
pre (preposition + ablative) before
predictus, -a, -um (adjective) aforesaid
presens, presentis (adjective) present
prior, prioris (m.) prior
prius (adverb) before
pro (preposition + ablative) for, during, as far as, in accordance with, in return for
probatum proved see probare
probo, probare, probavi, probatum (1) to prove (a will)
puer, pueri (m.) boy
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum (adjective) beautiful
Q
quadraginta forty
quadringenti four hundred
quattuor four
quattuordecim fourteen
qui, que, quod (pronoun) who, whom, which
quiete (adverb) peacefully
quietus, -a, -um (adjective) freely, quit
quindecim fifteen
quingenti five hundred
quinquaginta fifty
quinque five
quod because, that (after ‘to know’, ‘to say’)
R
Radulphus, -i (m.) Ralph
recognosco, recognoscere, recognovi, recognitum (3) to acknowledge
redditus, -us (m.) rent
reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditum (3) to give back, pay, surrender, yield
regina, -e (f.) queen
res, rei (f.) a thing
rex, regis (m.) king
Ricardus, -i (m.) Richard
Robertus, -i (m.) Robert
Rogerus, -i (m.) Roger
rotulus, -i (m.) roll, record
S
sacramentum, -i (n.) oath, sacrament
sanctus, -a, -um (adjective) saint
sapiens, sapientis (adjective) wise
sciant omnes know all men
sciant presentes et futuri know all [men] present and future
scilicet (adverb) namely
scio, scire, scivi, scitum (4) to know
scriptum, -i (n.) writing
se defendo, defendere, defendi, defensum (3) to be assessed at
se himself
secundum (preposition + accusative) according to
Sed (set) but
sedecim sixteen
sedeo, sedere, sedi, sessum (2) to sit
semper (adverb) always
sepe (adverb) often
septem seven (does not decline)
September, Septembris (m.) September
septemdecim seventeen
septendecim seventeen
septingenti seven hundred
septuaginta seventy
Sequens, sequentis following
sequor (3) to follow
servicium, -ii (n.) service
sescenti six hundred
sex six
sexaginta sixty
shopa, -e (f.) shop
sicut (adverb) just as
sigillum, -i (n.) seal
silva, -e (f.) wood
silvaticus, -a, -um (adjective) wild
Simo, Simonis (m.) Simon
sine (preposition + ablative) without
soca, -e (f.) soc
socum, -i (n.) soc
solidus, -i (m.) shilling
solummodo only
solus, -a, -um (adjective) alone, only
solvo, solvere, solvi, solutum (3) to pay
soror, sororis (f.) sister
sub (preposition + accusative) up to, (preposition + ablative) under
subito suddenly
subsequens, subsequentis the following (adjective)
sum, esse, fui to be
summa, -e (f.) sum
super (preposition + accusative) over, (preposition + ablative) upon
suus, sua, suum (pronoun) his, her, its, their (own)
T
tandem (adverb) at length
teignus, -i (m.) thane
tempus, temporis (n.) time, period
tenementum, -i (n.) tenement
teneo, tenere, tenui, tentum (2) to hold
terminus, -i (m.) term, period, end, boundary, limit
terra, -e (f.) land
testamentum, -i (n.) will, testament
testimonium, -ii (n.) witness, testimony
testis, testis (m., f.) witness
Thomas, -e (m.) Thomas
tofta, –e (f.) house, toft, house and outbuildings
totalis, -e (adjective) total
totus, -a, -um (adjective) all, whole
trecenti three hundred
tredecim thirteen
tres, tria three (does not decline)
triginta thirty
tunc (adverb) then
turris, turris (f.) tower
tuus, tua, tuum (pronoun) your, yours (one person)
U
ubi (adverb) where, when
ullus, -a, -um (adjective) any
undecim eleven
undeviginti nineteen
unus, -a, -um (adjective) one
uter, utra, utrum (adjective) which (of two things)
uxor, uxoris (f.) wife
V
venerabilis, -e, (adjective) venerable
venio, venire, veni, ventum (4) to come
verbum, –i (n.) word
versus (preposition + accusative) against
vester, vestra, vestrum (pronoun) your
vetus, veteris (adjective) old
via, -e (f.) road, street
vicarius, -ii (m.) vicar
videlicet (adverb) namely, to wit, that is
video, videre, vidi, visum (2) to see
vidua, -e (f.) widow
vigilia, -e (f.) eve
viginti duo twenty two
viginti novem twenty nine
viginti octo twenty eight
viginti quattuor twenty four
viginti quinque twenty five
viginti septem twenty seven
viginti sex twenty six
viginti tres twenty three
viginti twenty
viginti unus twenty one
villa, -e (f.) vill, town
vir, viri (m.) man, husband
virgata, -e (f.) virgate
virgo, virginis (f.) virgin
visus, -us (m.) view
vita, -e (f.) life
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum (1) to call
W
Walterus, -i (m.) Walter
wasta, -e (f.) waste
Westmonasterium, -ii (n.) Westminster
Wilhelmus, -i (m.) William