Easter Rising Armed insurrection by Irish nationalists in Dublin in April 1916 against British rule in Ireland. Insurgents declared an independent Irish republic before surrendering; 16 of them, including Sir Roger Casement, were executed.

Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) German-born American physicist and mathematician; awarded the Nobel prize for physics in 1921. Implacable critic of the First World War and supporter of world peace.

'Enemy aliens' Term used to classify citizens from enemy states (predominantly Germany and Austria-Hungary) residing in Britain during the First World War.

Erzberger, Matthias (1875-1921) Centre Party leader and reluctant head of the German armistice delegation at Compiègne in November 1918. Assassinated by two right-wing nationalists on 26 August 1921.

Erzerum Largely Armenian city in the Ottoman province of Anatolia. Captured by the Russians in February 1916 but returned to Turkish control under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.

Executive officers Specialist naval officers responsible (under the captain) for the routine running of a Royal Navy ship.