The National Archives
Search The National Archives
Advanced search
Harold Pinter's document of appeal against National Service (Catalogue reference: LAB 6/468)

This is a brief guide to researching records of British conscientious objectors.

Records of British conscientious objectors are varied and incomplete. Those records which do exist are mostly available at The National Archives and local record offices.

  • What do I need to know before I start?

    • Try to find out:

      • the name of the person
      • the date range and location to help focus your search
  • What records can I see online?

    • There are no significant collections of records of conscientious objectors available online.

  • What other resources will help me find information?

    • Websites

      Browse source sheets on Your Archives for information on conscientious objectors at The National Archives for the First World War and the Second World War.

    • Books

      Read Family History in the Wars by William Spencer (The National Archives, 2007).

      Read We will not fight! by Will Ellsworth-Jones (Aurum Press Ltd, 2008).

Did you know?

The Military Service Act of 1916 introduced compulsory conscription to Great Britain for the first time in modern history. Before this act, the armed forces were generally made up of volunteers.

While conscientious objection was not specifically defined in the act of 1916, the government recognised those whose 'objection genuinely rests on religious or moral convictions'.

Only a small number of conscientious objectors were exempted from service absolutely. Most were obliged to serve in non-combatant roles or faced courts martial.

Few records of conscientious objectors survive, especially after 1921. Those which do survive are generally samplessample - a relatively small amount of material, chosen as an example of the overall collection.

Britain abolished National Service in 1960.