Introduction
During the 'Swing' Riots of 1830-31 over one thousand separate incidences of machine-breaking, arson attacks and other disturbances took place in counties across the South and East of England. Prompted by a decline in the prices of agricultural produce and, therefore, wages, the introduction of threshing machines and an influx of Irish labour, the rioters wished to restore their standard of living. Although initially slow to react, the government eventually sent troops to quell the disturbances and undertook to prosecute all those involved in the riots. Over 2000 people were arrested, of which 19 were executed and over 500 transported. Most rural communities in South-Eastern England were affected by the 'Swing' disturbances we hold many letters and other material connected to the subject.
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For the record:
The widespread incidence of 'Swing' Riots means that most local historians interested in southern agricultural areas will find material of use to them. A search for relevant information should start with a thorough trawl through a number of Home Office series, in particular, HO 40, HO 41, HO 44, and HO 52. These series contain correspondence between local authorities, concerned individuals and military commanders and the Home Office on a number of subjects including the 'Swing' disturbances. Material that a local historian could expect to find includes:
- Accounts of the disturbances
- Local reaction to the riots
- Posters and handbills advertising rewards for the capture of offenders
- Examples of threats made to farmers and landowners
- Requests for military assistance in quelling the disturbances
- Names of persons suspected of involvement in the riots
- Names of landowners and farmers targeted by the rioters
The government took strong action against the rioters. Troops were despatched to the disturbed areas and financial rewards were offered for information leading to the capture of Swing rioters. These tactics were by no means ineffective. By the end of December 1830 nearly 2000 people had been arrested and were awaiting trial, of which 19 people were executed and over 500 transported. Fortunately for the local historian, the prosecution of the rioters has left a wealth of information which can be used to further a local study. Most of the surviving material we have relating to the trials are in the various Assize series but some has ended up amongst the records of the Treasury Solicitor in TS 11. Local historians interested in the following counties should check to see if they can find any records of interest: Berkshire (TS 11/849); Buckinghamshire (TS 11/865); Kent (TS 11/943); Oxfordshire (TS 11/1031); and Sussex (TS 11/1007).
Chartism 
Introduction
Popular protest
