Orlando, Vittorio (1860-1952) Italian prime minister, October 1917-June 1919. A determined supporter of Italian participation in the First World War, he was forced to resign after returning from the Paris peace conference without securing all of Italy's wartime territorial demands.

Ossuary of Douaumont Memorial to the Battle of Verdun, unveiled in August 1932; consisting of a high tower in which were placed the remains of 130,000 French and German soldiers killed in the battle.

Other ranks Term by which all men in the British armed forces who do not hold positions as commissioned officers are commonly known.

Ottoman empire Vast Turkish empire in Europe, Asia and Africa. Founded in the late 13th century and dismembered in 1918-19 after Turkey's defeat in the First World War.

Owen, Wilfred (1893-1918) English war poet. Enlisted in the Artists' Rifles in October 1915; commissioned in the Manchester Regiment, June 1916; served on the Western Front, December 1916-November 1918. Met Siegfried Sassoon while in hospital in Edinburgh, July 1917; awarded Military Cross, October 1918; killed in action on 4 November 1918.