Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles, signed by Germany and the Allies on 28 June 1919, was the most controversial of the post-war settlements with the defeated Central Powers. Articles 227-231 deal with some of the 'penalties' imposed by the treaty. The idea of bringing Kaiser Wilhelm II to trial as a war criminal before an Allied 'tribunal' (Article 227) never materialised. The former emperor lived quietly in Holland until his death in 1941. In contrast, the controversy surrounding Article 231 - the so-called 'war guilt clause' - profoundly influenced inter-war politics in Europe.
Catalogue reference: FO 211/517 (28 Jun 1919)
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