In the Archives: the Speaker of the House of Commons

In the Archives: the Speaker of the House of Commons

Houses of Parliament - Catalogue reference COPY1-442 (ii)

24 June 2009

On Monday 22 June, the 157th Speaker of the House of Commons, Conservative MP John Bercow, was chosen from a pool of ten candidates to replace Michael Martin, who had served in the post since October 2000. Mr Martin was the first Speaker to be effectively forced from office since Welshman Sir John Trevor was expelled from the Commons in 1695 after being found guilty of accepting a bribe.

Though Speakers have been appointed since 1377, the nature of the job has changed significantly over time. Until the late 18th century, the Speaker was usually associated with the government, whereas now, the Speaker will distance him or herself from political debate and even refrain from associating with former colleagues in the House.

Historically, Speakers were made viscounts upon retirement, elevating them to the House of Lords. This document (right) from 1895, details the confirmation of retiring Speaker Arthur Wellesley Peel's award, pending his payment of almost £500 to 'defray the various Fees and Stamp Duties'. Perhaps fortunately for today's Speakers, they can expect only lifetime baronies.

While the Speaker remains an elected MP, and represents his or her constituents in parliament, he or she must stand as an independent tied to no party, but unopposed by any of the main political parties. This document (right) from 1935 reveals a leading MP's resistance to the proposal that the Speaker should not have to face electoral contest like normal MPs. The change was ultimately rejected.