Adjectives

First and second declension adjectives

Third declension adjectives

First and second declension adjectives

Most first and second declension adjectives take these endings. For example

novus, -a, -um new

Singular
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	novus	nova	novum
Vocative	nove	nova	novum
Accusative	novum	novam	novum
Genitive	novi	nove	novi
Dative	novo	nove	novo
Ablative	novo	nova	novo

Plural
Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
novi	nove	nova
novi	nove	nova
novos	novas	nova
novorum	novarum	novorum
novis	novis	novis
novis	novis	novis

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The endings are the same as those for

Second declension nouns ending ‘us’
First declension nouns
Second declension nouns ending ‘um’

Adjectives that end ‘er’ in the masculine nominative singular.

Most lose the ‘e’ when declined.
For example

pulcher , pulchra, pulchrum beautiful

Singular
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	pulcher	pulchra	pulchrum
Vocative	pulcher	pulchra	pulchrum
Accusative	pulchrum	pulchram	pulchrum
Genitive	pulchri	pulchre	pulchri
Dative	pulchro	pulchre	pulchro
Ablative	pulchro	pulchra	pulchro

Plural
Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
pulchri	pulchre	pulchra
pulchri	pulchre	pulchra
pulchros	pulchras	pulchra
pulchrorum	pulchrarum	pulchrorum
pulchris	pulchris	pulchris
pulchris	pulchris	pulchris

Some adjectives keep the ‘e’ when declined.

For example

liber , -era, -erum free

Singular
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	liber	libera	liberum
Vocative	liber	libera	liberum
Accusative	liberum	liberam	liberum
Genitive	liberi	libere	liberi
Dative	libero	libere	libero
Ablative	libero	libera	libero

Plural
Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
liberi	libere	libera
liberi	libere	libera
liberos	liberas	libera
liberorum	liberarum	liberorum
liberis	liberis	liberis
liberis	liberis	liberis

There are nine irregular adjectives that decline like novus, -a, -um but

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Genitive singular is ‘-ius’
Dative singular is ‘–i’ for all genders

unus, -a, -um     one
totus, -a, -um     all, whole
nullus, -a, -um     no, none
solus, -a, -um     alone, only
ullus, -a, -um     any
alter, altera, alterum     the other (of two things)
neuter, neutra, neutrum     neither (of two things)
uter, utra, utrum     which (of two things)
alius, alia, aliud     the other [genitive singular sometimes alterius]

For example

unus , -a, -um one

Singular
Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	unus	una	unum
Accusative	unum	unam	unum
Genitive	unius	unius	unius
Dative	uni	uni	uni
Ablative	uno	una	uno

Plural
Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
uni	une	una
unos	unas	una
unorum	unorum	unorum
unis	unis	unis
unis	unis	unis

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Third declension adjectives

These have the same endings as third declension nouns except that adjectives have

‘-i’ for ablative singular
‘-ium’ for genitive plural
‘-ia’ for nominative, vocative and accusative neuter plural

There are two main forms

	Masculine and Feminine		Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	omnis	omnes	omne	omnia
Vocative	omnis	omnes	omne	omnia
Accusative	omnem	omnes	omne	omnia
Genitive	omnis	omnium	omnis	omnium
Dative	omni	omnibus	omni	omnibus
Ablative	omni	omnibus	omni	omnibus

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communis, -e	common	legalis , -e	lawful
fidelis , -e	faithful	parochialis , -e	parochial , parish
finalis , -e	final	totalis , -e	total

Masculine, feminine and neuter are the same in the nominative.

ingens, ingentis huge

In this case, the nominative form is given in the word list, followed by the genitive.

	Masculine and Feminine		Neuter
Case	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ingens	ingentes	ingens	ingentia
Vocative	ingens	ingentes	ingens	ingentia
Accusative	ingentem	ingentes	ingens	ingentia
Genitive	ingentis	ingentium	ingentis	ingentium
Dative	ingenti	ingentibus	ingenti	ingentibus
Ablative	ingenti	ingentibus	ingenti	ingentibus

Other examples are
presens, presentis present
vetus, veteris old