To form the perfect
passive, pluperfect
passive and future perfect
passive tense change the ‘-m’ ending of the supine
to ‘-s’ to form the past participle
.
For example:
voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum (1) vocatus, -a, -um
Remember that a past participle must agree with the word it modifies in gender, number and case and it declines like ‘bonus, -a, -um’
.
Add the present tense of the verb sum, esse, fui, -, ‘to be’ to the past participle.
Present passive of voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatum (1) to call
| Latin | English |
|---|---|
| vocatus, vocata, vocatum sum | I have been called, I was called |
| vocatus, vocata, vocatum es | you have been called, you were called |
| vocatus, vocata, vocatum est | he/she/it has been called, he/she/it was called |
| vocati, vocate, vocata sumus | we have been called, we were called |
| vocati, vocate, vocata estis | you have been called, you were called |
| vocati, vocate, vocata sunt | they have been called, they were called |
Often you will find that the perfect tense of the verb ‘sum’, ‘esse’, ‘fui, - ’‘to be’, is used instead of the present tense.