| Abbot |
the monk who was in charge of other monks in a monastery. |
|
|
| Acre |
a unit of land (4,840 square yards). |
|
|
| Arpent |
French term for measuring the size of a vineyard. |
|
|
| Bordar/Cottar |
an unfree peasant, who had very little or no land. They probably lived in a cottage outside the main manor. Most people in England during the Middle Ages were bordars or cottars. |
|
|
| County/Shire |
a large area of England. In 1086, England was divided up into many counties. Some examples of counties are Essex, Kent, Yorkshire, Gloucester, Norfolk and Wiltshire. |
|
|
| Demesne |
this means land which only the earl or lord of the manor used. People in the manor would have to work on this land for him. |
|
|
| Dues |
taxes or money that everyone had to pay to King William. |
|
|
| Earl |
a lord or powerful landowner, in charge of several counties. |
|
|
| Hide |
a hide was a piece of land large enough for one family to live on. It could be between 40 and 120 acres. |
|
|
| Hundred |
part of a county. A piece of land that was 100 hides in size. This was called a wapentake in the northern counties. |
|
|
| Knights |
soldiers. |
|
|
| Livestock |
animals - sheep, cattle, pigs. |
|
|
| Manor/Estate |
a farm belonging to one earl or lord. It was made up of land which the earl or lord owned and land which peasants rented from him. |
|
|
| Meadow |
land used for grazing animals and for growing hay. |
|
|
| Muid |
French term for a measure of liquid. |
|
|
| Normans |
people who came from Normandy in France. They came to England and settled after the Battle of Hastings in 1066. King William was Duke of Normandy as well as King of England. |
|
|
| Pasture |
land where sheep and cattle grazed. |
|
|
| Plough |
this means a team of oxen and a plough. |
|
|
| Rebellion |
a fight against your rulers. |
|
|
| Saxons |
the English-speaking people who lived in England before the Normans invaded. |
|
|
| Scribe |
someone whose job is to write things by hand. In the Middle Ages very few people could write. Those who could were often monks who made copies of the bible or wrote important letters for kings, archbishops and earls. There were no printing machines, so any writing had to always be done by hand. |
|
|
| Shilling |
twelve old pence (five pence in today’s money). |
|
|
| TRE |
shortened Latin meaning ‘In the time of King Edward’. |
|
|
| Vill |
a small village. |
|
|
| Victor |
someone who has won a battle. |
|
|
| Virgate |
a quarter of a hide. |
|
|
| Villeins |
a higher class of unfree peasant. Villeins owned land, but they also had to work on the earl’s land or demesne. |
|
|
| Woodland |
small patches of land for grazing pigs or used for firewood. Anyone could use the woodland. |
|
|
| |
|
The National Archives
Education
Focus on Domesday
PDF version